      DFSee version 6.14 01-10-2004  (c) 1994-2004: Jan van Wijk
 =========================[ www.dfsee.com ]==========================

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C O N T E N T S:
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  Global program switches = Switches for DFSee startup
  Summary of commands     = summary
  Command reference       = reference of general DFS commands
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G L O B A L   P R O G R A M   S E T T I N G S:
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 The DFSee program has quite a few global settings that control the behaviour
 of various parts of the program. They all have default values that can be
 overruled by specifying one or more 'switches' as specified below.

  Switch character for dfsee switches is '-' or '/'. All single letter
  switches are case-sensitive, long switchnames like 'query' are not.

  [global-dfsee-switches]  [DFSee-multi-command]

 -123[t][s][n] = trace level 123, [t]stamp; to [s]creen; [n]o tracefile

 -?            = help on DFSee commandline switches (this text)
 -7            = use 7-bit ASCII only (no 'graphic' characters)
 -a            = switch off usage of ANSI escape characters for color
 -A:nr         = number of sector read attempts, default 1 (no retries)
 -b            = batch option, automatic 'batch on' command at startup
 -B-           = surpress the version/copyright banner on DFSee startup
 -c:[1|2]      = CHS dummy style: 1=PQmagic, 2=MS, default 0=IBM/DFSee
 -D:letter     = linux device-letter, default is IDE, use 's' for SCSI
 -e[-]         = include or surpress (-e-) command echo before each cmd
 -E:[c|i|q]    = default error strategy Confirm, Ignore or Quit
 -f[-]         = force or surpress borderframe on text-window and desktop
 -h:[1|2|3]    = use hex SN+Size fields (1), CHS fields (2), or both (3)
 -F-           = no auto-Fail critical-Errors, use a Retry popup (DOS only)
 -I[-]         = use standard-Int13 when BIOS #cyl is below 1024 (DOS only)
 -I-           = use standard-Int13, avoid ext-int13 check call  (DOS only)
 -i-           = do not ignore lock-errors, with extra popup,   (OS/2 only)
 -L-           = do not use large-file for > 2 GiB file support (OS/2 only)
 -l:logfile    = start logging immediately to 7bit ascii file 'logfile.log'
 -m[:autoshow] = use 'map' or user defined cmd for 'autoshow' in FDISK mode
 -menu[-]      = automatic menu, or no menu at startup or after selection
 -menu:letter  = startup with menu dropdown indicated by 'letter' activated
 -M:[0:1:2:3]  = menustyle: 0=default, 1=no-submenu-right, 2=no-auto-drop
 -O:[n|v|q|m]  = default output verbosity Normal, Verbose, Quiet, Maximum
 -p            = pedantic, allow all warnings and more low level details
 -P-           = don't use prompting and input dialog windows by default
 -Q[-]         = quit or do NOT quit automatically after last command
 -q            = quiet option, automatic 'screen off' command at startup
 -query        = execute a query command with logfile, quit automatically
 -r:regfile    = registration filename with optional path and extension
 -R            = start in Read-only operation, no write back to disk/volumes
 -S            = shell mode, do not allow quit from DFSee (use as OS shell)
 -s:separator  = specify a command-separator character, default is '#'
 -t[-]         = include or surpress (-t-) timestamp before each command
 -scheme:name  = window scheme: grey|3d|nobl|cmdr|half|full|white|black|dfsee
 -color:value  = output colors, 0..7 add any: 0=std 1=invert 2=bright 4=blue
 -style:value  = line style, 0..3: 0=std-double 1=3d 2=halfblock 3=fullblock
 -w[-]         = force or surpress use of windowing, using a cmdline instead
 -W or -W:[sl] = screen resize dialog, if scrollbars, or more than [sl] lines

 For help use the '?' and '??' commands, use the <F1> key or read DFSCMDS.TXT

 Additional customizing, by running of some initial commands, can be done
 by creating an ASCII file called 'profile.dfs' in the same directory as
 the DFSee executable (or somewhere in the PATH).
 For example, a 'profile.dfs' file with just the following line:

        set scheme commander

 Will select the 'commander' color scheme right after startup.

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G E N E R I C   C O M M A N D   O P T I O N S:
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 Many of the DFSee commands accept options, a '-' sign plus a letter and an
 optional value that are specific to that command. There are a few options
 however that are implemented on a generic level and work for ALL commands:

   -B  or -B-    = Batch mode (no confirmations etc) or disable batch mode
   -E:[c|i|q]    = error strategy   : Confirm, Ignore or Quit
   -O:[n|v|q|m]  = output verbosity : Normal, Verbose, Quiet, Maximum
   -P  or -P-    = use or don't use prompting and input dialog windows
   -Q            = Quiet mode, turn screen off while executing this command
   -l-           = Do NOT create new list when displaying (directory) data
   -trace[-]     = Explicitly switch tracing on or off for this command

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S U M M A R Y   O F   C O M M A N D S:
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 The user-interface has a choice of using the menu-system (default) or the
 commandline with a command entry-field plus history buffer so previous
 commands can be recalled. Output will be displayed to the screen in a large
 output-buffer that can be scrolled up and down using <Ctrl> plus arrow keys.
 You can switch between the menu and commanline using the <F10> key.
 Output can also be copied to a file for later analysis.

 When using the menusystem, you don't need to know the actual command syntax,
 although most menu-selections will be translated to a corresponding command
 before being executed.

 DFSee commands are single words or (hexadecimal) numbers.
 Most commands have one or more parameters of which some are optional.

 DFSee keeps track of the current SN and some other useful SNs so they
 can be referenced faster, without having to type them in. They are:

     Name          Cmd       Description
     ----          ---       -----------
     up            'u [st]'  up in hierarchy, as specified sector-type
     down          'd [st]'  down in hierarchy, as specified sector-type
     down          <Enter>   down in hierarchy
     this          't [st]'  this (current), as specified sector-type
     xtra          'x [st]'  Extra or alternative, as specified sector-type
     forward       'f [xx]'  the next sector, or xx sectors forward
     backward      'b [xx]'  previous sector, or xx sectors backward

     The [st] values are the single-digit sector-types as displayed using
     the '???' command, or the 'Help -> Available sector types' menu.

 You can display and analyse either a physical disk, a partition, a volume
 or an imagefile. A physical disk can be opened using the 'disk' command.

 A disk-partition or volume needs to be opened first with the 'part' or
 'vol' commands respectively. The following prompt will show some status info.
 After opening an HPFS partition, using 'Enter' a few times will take you
 to the superblock, root-directory, possible sub-directories up to some file.

 Multiple commands can be chained if separated with a special character,
 the default is '#' but this can be changed with the 'sep' command.

 An overview of the available commands is given below, it can also be
 referenced from within the program using the 'help' command.


HINT: When using DFSee to create a logfile, DO NOT USE ">" REDIRECTION, use
      the DFSee "log filename" command or the "-l" program switch instead.
      This will prevent littering the logfile with ANSI control-codes.

      When browsing an LVM (WSeB, MCP or eComStation) system, set the
      screen-width to over 100 characters when possible. This will allow
      complete display of the volume + partition-names in the 'part' table

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 A list of selection commands                   (output of the 'help' command)
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 DFSee basic selection commands, use '??' for other generic commands

 For help on the commandline switches (to the EXE) use 'DFSxxx.EXE -?'

 Batch mode can be forced with the '-B' option on the cmd as in 'FDISK -B'
 Any command not recognized will be passed to the Operating System

 The DISK, FDISK, PART and VOL commands can select a specific mode which
 makes more specific commands available, use '?' and '???' for details

 hex-sector-nr    = Analyse & display sector, SN using logical sector-number
 ? or /?          = Show current FS (mode), specific commands and help info
 ??               = Show list of all generic commands with short description
 ???              = Show all recognized sector-types for current filesystem
 <Enter>, u, x    = Show next with <Enter>, up with 'u' or extra LSN with 'x'

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 A list of generally available commands         (output of the  '??'  command)
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 .NNN             = Display numbered FS-entity marked .NNN from sector list
 A|a  sSN  [size] = ASCII-dump (half)sector, at sSN, 'size' sectors or bytes
 ABOUT            = Show version and registration information for DFSee/TPlib
 ALLOC  1|+|-|*|~ = Display allocation map and RESIZE limits for filesystem
 B     [distance] = Go backwards 'distance' sectors and display, default is 1
 BASE   [options] = Show (and set) base start and end values in several ways
 BATCH  [on |off] = Set batch-mode, no confirmation or locking-error reporting
 BPS      secsize = Force sectorsize to specified value (decimal, bytes)
 BSFIND [type][a] = Find MBR/EBR/boot/LVM-sectors, on cylinders or ALL sectors
 CD        [path] = Change current directory and current drive
 CL               = Translate and display 'this' LSN as a cluster nr
 CL   clust [cmd] = Translate hex cluster-nr to hex LSN, display using 'cmd'
 CL2S clust       = Translate hex cluster-nr to hex LSN, display LSN value
 CS          [sn] = Calculate 32-bit checksum for 'this' sector; HPFS aware
 CHECK    [dr/nr] = Report all detected filesystem errors using SLT info
 CHS c  h  s      = Analyse & display sector, using CHS (cylinder head sector)
 CLONE  [options] = Copy sectors from other (disk/part/vol) to current store
 CMD    [command] = Force execution of command by Operating System, not DFSee
 COMP   [options] = Compare sectors from other (disk/part/vol) to current store
 CONFIRM [-y] msg = Show a notification, or a confirmation message [-y]
 DELSHOW [sel]    = Show delfind list, with selection wildcard and threshold
 DFSCHECK[part|*] = Run DOxxx analysis for one or all partitions => DFSC*.P*
 DFSDISK [disk|*] = Run DFSDISK analysis for one or all disks => dfsdiski.*
 DIRFIND [l][dir] = Put [l] levels of filenames from [dir] in the sector-list
 DISK   [disk-nr] = Select a physical disk and show the MBR, [-r] = reset geo
 DISPLAY          = Show current display size in rows and columns
 EDIT     pos str = Update the current sector at 'pos' to the value of 'str'
 EXPAND [options] = EXPAND FS to a new LARGER  size, incl. part-table update
 EXPORT      [fn] = Export  LSNs in the sector list, to file [fn]
 F     [distance] = Go forward 'distance' sectors and display, default is 1
 FDISK [FdiskCmd] = Activate the FDISK fs (mode) and optionally execute cmd
 FI         [sSN] = File information on specified symbolic-SN, default 'this'
 FIND options [s] = Find sectors based on options, and optional string [s]
 FINDPATH   path  = Find and show file/directory specified by path-spec
 FIXHS            = Fix HiddenSectors field in bootsector to match part-table
 FS fsys-name     = Force analysis mode for filesystem 'fsys-name'
 GEO [?|c h s [b]]= Force specified geometry on opened physical disk, ?=adjust
 HELP         [*] = Show list of generic commands with short description
 H|h  sSN  [size] = Hex-dump   (half)sector, at sSN, 'size' sectors or bytes
 ID         [sSN] = Identify 'this' or specified sSN sector, using the SLT
 IM   img         = Open a file with a FS-image (.img) for display & analysis
 IMPORT      [fn] = Import  LSNs to the sector list, from file [fn]
 LIST [opt] [str] = Display LSNs in the sector list, using options/string
 LOCK             = Lock physical disk or logical partition to avoid conflicts
 LOG   [file | .] = Start, stop or resume logging, (appending) to a file
 MAP [disknr opt] = Display pseudo-graphical map of partitions on a disk
 MEM  lsn   [pos] = Store sectornumber LSN in the sector-list at [pos]
 MENU [pd-letter] = Activate the menu, opening default or selected pulldown
 MODE [c,r] [-w-] = Set columns and rows for display, -w- is non-windowed
 MOVE -b|-e | -f  = Move towards Begin or End, or move/copy to Freespace area
 PART [pid|drive] = Show partitions,  or select one using nr or drive-letter
 PSN    xx        = Analyse & display sector, SN xx using physical sector-nr
 PT   [pid|drive] = Display partition-table for current or specified   [pid]
 PTE   [xx | pid] = Show & edit partition-table at sector [xx] or part [pid]
 QUERY   item [n] = Query specified item value for disk/partition/freesp [n]
 RECOVER path sel = Recover files from sector-list to a path, using selection
 RESIZE [options] = RESIZE FS to a new SMALLER size, incl. part-table update
 RUN [script] [p] = Run a DFSee script, with optional parameters and options
 S2CL lsn         = Translate hex LSN to hex cluster-nr, display cluster-nr
 SAVETO  [dir][l] = Save filedata for current file to a new file in [dir]
 SCAN [wr [NoId]] = Scan bad-sectors; use read/Write verify; No automatic id
 SCL       clsize = Force clustersize to specified value (decimal, sectors)
 SCRFILE [fn] [l] = Save screen-buffer to file [fn], last [l] lines
 SET [prop value] = Set DFSee property to a value, 'SET' lists all properties
 SIM img  [f] [s] = Save current object to imagefile(s); -zip, -Smart, -Media
 SLT  [type i ln] = Display SLT for sectors of 'type' at index i, ln lines
 SORT   [-d] [-u] = Sort sector list; [-d] = descending [-u] = no duplicates
 STORE [store-nr] = Select store to be the current store; or display stores
 t  [sector-type] = Display 'this' sector as Hex or specified sector-type
 TRANS [-type] xx = Translate and display value 'xx' as Lsn, I13, Chs and Psn
 TXDIR fn [o] [a] = List files for wildcard-spec 'fn' using several options
 u  [sector-type] = Display 'up'   sector as Hex or specified sector-type
 UNLOCK           = Unlock physical disk or logical partition
 VOL      [drive] = Show all volumes, or select one using drive-letter
 WIPE   pat [f s] = Wipe disk/vol/part area with pattern at LSN [f], size [s]
 WIPESECURE       = Wipe disk/vol/part area in a SECURE way (DoD spec, slow!)
 WIPELST [sel][p] = Wipe [sel]ected sectors in list with specified [p]attern
 WRIM   img [f s] = Write FS-image to disk-sectors start at LSN [f], size [s]
 WRITE [ . | sn ] = Write sector back to current or specified sector number
 TRACE [lvl]      = Set trace level for DFSee internal function tracing
 x  [sector-type] = Display 'xtra' sector as Hex or specified sector-type
 ZEROFREE  [part] = Wipe freespace in a filesystem to all zeroes (wipe -f)
 q                = Quit DFSee OS2: 6.10 05-07-2004 (c) 1994-2004: Jan van Wijk
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C O M M A N D   R E F E R E N C E:
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      xx      = Analyse & display sector, SN xx; xx = 1 to 8 hexadecimals

 Purpose:       Display a sector in the most useful format

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        Sector display, format selected based on sector-contents

 Remarks:       The SN is specified in hexadecimal format, however the first
                digit needs to be decimal to avoid misinterpretation.
                Prefixing the SN with '0' will avoid any conflicts.

                Logical addressing (LSN) is actually used, however when a
                physical disk is selected the offset for logical addressing
                is set to 0. The result is that LSNs equal PSNs.

                Output that scrolls off the screen can be repeated using
                the 't' command. (display 'this' sector)

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 .NNN        [id] = Display numbered FS-entity marked .NNN   from sector list

 Purpose:       Display one of the entries from the list last shown
                It can be applied on Directory as well as Allocation-lists
                The number (NNN) to use is displayed to the left of the list
                This is a decimal number with 1 to 5 digits.

 Parameters:    NNN                The zero-based decimal entry number to show

                id      optional   Identifier for LSN list (see list command)

 Output:        Sector display, format selected based on sector-contents
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 Enter        = down in hierarchy (Enter = down)

 Purpose:       Display the next, most likely wanted, sector

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        Sector display, format selected based on sector-contents
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 A|a x [size [S]] = ASCII dump sector, SN x, size sect/bytes; force [S]ector

 Purpose:       Display current or specified sector in ASCII (text) format

 Parameters:    x       optional   LSN of sector to dump

                size    optional   size to dump:  1..63   specifies sectors
                                                 64..xxx  specifies bytes
                                   Default is 512 bytes for the 'H' command
                                          and 256 bytes for the 'h' command

                S       optional   Force size parameter to be sectors

 Output:        Sector contents displayed as plain ASCII text
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 ABOUT            = Show version and registration information for DFSee/TPlib

 Purpose:       Show details about the DFSee program like version and copyright

 Options:       -c-     Do NOT show the main DFSee program, just components
                -P-     Do NOT present the info in a pop-up window
                -r      Refresh cached information (like kernel revision :-)

 Output:        Version information for DFSee, library, used 3rd party stuff
                and the Operating System that is currently running.
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 ALLOC [1|+|-|*|~] = Display allocation map and RESIZE limits for filesystem

 Purpose:       Show usage and the distribution of data over the volume.

 Parameters:    1|+|-|*|~ optional Vary detail shown, and size of the map
                               1   Maximum detail, VERY large map display
                               +   High detail     64 to 128 lines
                               -   Medium detail   16 to  32 lines
                               *   Low detail       4 to   8 lines
                               ~   Lowest detail    1 to   2 lines

                                   When not specified, the amount of detail
                                   is calculated to result in a map about
                                   1 screen-page in size when possible.

 Output:        A single pseudo-graphic for the entire volume, or in multiple
                pages if appropriate for the current filesystem.
                Each character in the display will represent a certain amount
                of diskspace, filled in according to the degree of usage.

 Remarks:       Depending on the current filesystem, specific areas might be
                represented in the display.

                For FAT:
                Bootsector, both FATs and the Root directory are shown in the
                first display line using colours. The size of FAT/Root is
                proportional to their real size and the percentage of used
                entries in the root-directory is shown at the end of the line
                The largest cluster-nr used is also shown at the end, this is
                useful to determine the minimum size on a resize (or truncate)

                For HPFS:
                System-reserved and Directory-band are indicated with 'S'
                and 'D' respectively. Other areas are filled in according
                to the degree of usage (allocation)
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 BASE   [options] = Show (and set) base start and end values in several ways

                Usage: BASE  . | * | sSN  [sl]
                   or: BASE  -a:start-pos  [-s:size]  [-logical]
                   or: BASE  -p:pid | -t:pid | -f:fid [-logical]

 Purpose:       Set the start (LSN 0) and end position (largest LSN) to view.

 Parameters:    .           set base to current sector, to end of disk
                *           keep base the same, but specify a different sl value
                sSN         starting sector number for area to view, hexadecimal
                            as direct or a symbolic-sector number (see DFSTERMS)
                sl          ending sector number for area to view, hexadecimal

 Options:       -a:pos      area position as mcs-number (see DFSTERMS.TXT)
                -s:size     area size as mcs-number
                -logical    align start-position for a logical partition
                -p:pid      set start to bootsector of specified partition id
                -t          set start to partition-Table for current partition
                -t:pid      set start to partition-Table for specified part id
                -f:fid      set start to begin of the freespace area specified

                            PID and FID as listed in part-table left-column

 Output:        Display of current physical start and end values (after set)

 Examples:      base 3ec1               ;base at sector 0x3ec1, to end disk
                base -f:2               ;freespace area 2, for a primary
                base -f:5 -log          ;freespace area 5, for a logical
                base -a:122,c -s:200    ;area at cylinder 122, size 200 MiB

 Remarks:       Can be used if the start of partition/P-tables are bad or if
                you want to view a freespace area on a disk (lost partition)
                These BASE values will normally be set automatically when
                you select a partition with the 'part' command.
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 BPS   secsize    = Force sectorsize to specified value (decimal, bytes)

 Purpose:       Force a specific number of bytes per sector

 Parameters:    secsize mandatory  Number of bytes per sector (decimal)
                                   Valid are: 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       Should be automatically correct, special purpose usage only
                The BPS value can be specified with the 'GEO' command
                as well, by using the '-bps:n' option
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 BSFIND [type][a] = Find MBR/EBR/boot/LVM-sectors, on cylinders or ALL sectors

 Purpose:       Find MBR, EBR or filesystem bootsectors on a disk

 Parameters     type    optional   type of sectors to search, default is '*'
                                   '*' means all the relevant types: 'brels'

                a       optional   search ALL sectors, not just cyl boundaries

 Output:        A single line with position and type information

 Remarks:       This command is intended to collect info for 'unfdisk' type
                of recovery in the fastest way possible. When the 'a' option
                is not specified, it only inspects sector-1 on head 0 and 1
                on each cylinder. This makes it DEPENDENT on the geometry
                currently being used on the disk. It is also very FAST!
                You could try using different geometries with the 'diskgeo'
                command if the actual geometry is uncertain.

                Afterwards, a useful detailed list can be made with 'list +s'
                and 'list +b'. This is automated in DFSUNFD.CMD/DFSUNFD.BAT

 Examples:      bsfind               ;search any sector on cylinder boundaries
                bsfind * all         ;search any sector in any sector (SLOW!)
                bsfind b all         ;search bootsectors in any sector (SLOW!)
                bsfind b             ;search bootsectors on cyl. boundaries
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 CD [path]    = Change current Directory

 Purpose:       Change both the current directory and the current drive

 Parameters:    path    optional   Absolute or relative path specification

 Output:        The resulting current drive and directory

 Remarks:       '.' and '..' can be used in the relative path specification
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CL               = Translate and display 'this' LSN as a cluster nr

 Purpose:       Display cluster-value for the CURRENT sector 'this'

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        cluster value

 Remarks:       none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CL   clust [cmd] = Translate hex cluster-nr to hex LSN, display using 'cmd'

 Purpose:       Display sector for specified cluster in default or cmd format

 Parameters:    clust   mandatory  Cluster value 2 .. max-cluster

                cmd     optional   Command to use for displaying the sector

 Output:        display of the sector

 Remarks:       none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CL2S clust       = Translate hex cluster-nr to hex LSN, display LSN value

 Purpose:       Display hexadecimal sectornumber for specified hex cluster

 Parameters:    clust   mandatory  Hexadecimal cluster value 2 .. max-cluster

 Output:        cluster and corresponding sectornumber (LSN)

 Remarks:       none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CHECK   [dr/nr]  = Report all detected filesystem errors using SLT info

 Purpose:       Check filesystem integrity using SLT info (chkdsk function)

 Parameters:    drive-letter or partition-nr to check, default opened partition

 Options:       -r      optional   refresh SLT even when one already exists

 Output:        Verbose list of all SLT entries that have an error flagged.
                This will include path+filename when available and textual
                explanation of the error(s)

                Errors reported by the 'CHECK' command for a specific filesystem
                are listed in the dfs[FS].txt files (i.e. dfshpfs.txt for HPFS)

 Remarks:       The reported errors are the same as listed with the SLT command.
                'check' is an alias for "SLT * 0 * +fffd"
                The SLT will be rebuilt on each invocation of the "check" cmd.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CHS c  h  s  = Analyse & display sector using CHS specification


 Purpose:       Display sector using Cylinder, Head and Sector addressing

 Parameters:    c       mandatory  The zero-based decimal Cylinder number
                                   Range 0 to disk-specific maximum and
                                   usually below 1024.

                h       mandatory  The zero-based decimal Head number
                                   Range 0 to disk-specific maximum but
                                   never more than 255

                s       mandatory  The one-based decimal Sector number
                                   Range 1 to disk-specific maximum but
                                   never more than 63

 Output:        Sector display, format selected based on sector-contents

 Remarks:       Output that scrolls of the screen can be repeated using
                the 't' command. (display 'this' sector)
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CLONE  [options] = Copy sectors from other (disk/part/vol) to current store

 Purpose:       Make an exact copy of (part) of another store to the current
                one, the stores representing disks, partitions or volumes.

 Parameters:    at      optional   disk nr, default is current if open or 1
                size    optional   size to clone in sectors (hexadecimal)

 Options:       -at:mcs       start sector 'to' store, default is 0 decimal MiB
                -size:mcs     size to clone, default whole area in MiB
                -disk:d       disk number to clone from, 1 .. max
                -part:p       partition to clone from, PID/driveletter
                -vol:v        volume to clone from, letter default is C:
                -from:mcs     start sector 'from' store, default is 0 MiB
                -b[:sectors]  buffersize = 1 .. tracksize (default tracksize)
                -E:i          ignore errors, continue cloning on read errors
                -E:q          quit on any read errors, exit  (batch  default)
                -E:c          confirm by user on read errors (normal default)
                -Merge        Do not write fixed 0xFE pattern on bad-sectors
                              in the source, but keep the possibly correct
                              contents at the destination sector (merging).
                              This option is set by default when the CLONE
                              is initiated from the DFSee main menu.

 Output:        Clone parameter details, confirmations and progress info

 Examples:      clone -disk:1        ;Clone disk-1 to current selected disk
                clone -part:C        ;Clone partition C: to current partition

 Remarks:       You MUST select the disk/partition to clone TO (destination)
                BEFORE using the 'CLONE' command itself (or the menu item).
                On the 'CLONE' command itself, or with the menu-item, you
                will select the disk/partition to clone FROM (source).
                You CAN NOT clone a partition to freespace, partitions are
                not created automatically, you MUST do that manually.
                To make a copy of a partition in freespace (or move it there)
                use the 'MOVE' command instead, this integrates the CLONE and
                the required CR command in one.

                The default error strategy (-E:) is 'quit' for batch-mode
                and 'confirm' otherwise, unless overruled by the global
                switch -E: on DFSee startup

                To CLONE a physically damaged disk for recovery, the following
                options are recommended for maximum reliability:

                -E:i    to continue cloning after read errors (incl retries)
                -b:1    to force single sectors reads, this is very slow but
                        will result in a minimum number of unreadable sectors

                Note that unreadable sectors on the destination disk will
                contain [512] 0xFE bytes, easy to recognize as invalid.
                This can be overuled by using the '-M' option (merge), which
                allows recovery of a partition with bad-sectors by creating
                a same size FORMATTED empty destination partition and CLONING
                all readable sectors, skipping the bad ones.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CMD    [command] = Force execution of command by Operating System, not DFSee

 Purpose:       Execute an external command, using the OS command processor

 Parameters:    command optional   The command to be executed by the OS

                                   It will be executed using a "system" call
                                   for the specified command with all output
                                   redirected back to DFSee. This uses a PIPE
                                   interface and an extra thread on OS/2, but
                                   a temporary file on DOS, Windows and Linux
                                   (requires write access to current directory)

                                   When no command is specified the default
                                   shell program as defined by the 'COMSPEC'
                                   environment variable will be executed.
                                   Return to DFSee is usually with the 'exit'
                                   command from such a shell, but that may
                                   differ bbetween shell programs.


 Output:        Any normal output (stdout, stderr) from the command will
                be redirected to the DFSee text output buffer in the
                standard colors used there by DFSee.
                Input requested by the program can be typed at the current
                cursor position, which is most often the DFSee commandline
                but may be changed to any location by the program.
                This may cause some confusion :-)

                If the command is an interactive (textmode) application,
                it will most likely work correctly, temporarily taking
                the whole screen away from DFSee. Depending on the
                implementation however, either screen output or the
                entry of commands might be incorrect.

 Examples:      cmd                      ;start the default COMSPEC shell

                cmd  mode co80           ;execute a mode command externally
                                         ;(and not the builtin DFSee one)

 Remarks:       In many cases it is NOT NEEDED to use the 'cmd' command
                since any command not recognized by DFSee will be executed
                as an external command anyway. However, when the external
                command or program has the same name as a DFSee command,
                you can explicitly execute it as 'external' this way.

                In all cases, the command to be executed externally are
                checked agains a list of 'trusted' commands. When in the
                list the command is executed directly, otherwise you will
                get a confirmation popup to as if you really want to run
                this external command. This confirmation makes sure that
                no dangerous commands, perhaps the result of a typo, get
                executed without warning.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 COMP   [options] = Compare sectors from other (disk/part/vol) to current store

 Purpose:       Compare the contents of (part) of another store to the current
                one, the stores representing disks, partitions or volumes.

 Parameters:    at      optional   disk nr, default is current if open or 1
                size    optional   size to compare in sectors (hexadecimal)

 Options:       -list         compare ALL, and add differences to the list
                -at:sector    start sector current store    (default is 0)
                -b[:sectors]  buffersize = 1 .. tracksize (default tracksize)
                -size:mcs     size to compare as mcs-number (see DFSTERMS)
                -disk:d       disk number to compare to, 1 .. max
                -part:p       partition to compare to, PID/driveletter
                -vol:v        volume to compare to, letter default is C:
                -from:sn      start sector 'other' store, default is
                              the same value as 'at'",

                Note: Most of these options are exactly identical to the CLONE
                      command, this makes it easy to use COMPARE after cloning.

 Output:        Compare parameter details, confirmations and progress info

 Examples:      comp -disk:1'       ;compare disk-1 to current one
                comp -part:C' -l    ;compare partition C: to current and
                                    ;record all differences in the sector list

 Remarks:       If no disk, part or vol is specified, the 'alternate' store
                is used as area to compare with (if possible).

                If the '-list' option is not specified, the compare will stop
                on the first sector that is different.

                The list is limited in size (currently to 409600, 200 MiB) so
                completely different stores will not have all sectors recorded.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 CONFIRM [-y] msg = Show a notification, or a confirmation message [-y]

 Purpose:       Display a message, and ask confirmation

 Parameters:    msg         optional   textual message including spaces.
                                       A new line can be started using the
                                       vertical bar: '|'

 Options:       -y                 Use [Yes] [no] [Cancel] instead of [Ok]

 Output:        None when in windowed mode, message and response otherwise

 Remarks:       In windowed mode the confirmation will be presented in the
                form of a dialog with buttons. When the dialog is completed
                with anything else than [Ok] or [No], the resultcode will be
                set to non-zero. This can be useful in scripts to control
                further execution of commands.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 DELSHOW [sel]    = Show delfind list, with selection wildcard and threshold

 Purpose:       Display a list of (deleted) filenames from the sectorlist

 Parameters:    sel         optional   File selection parameters, in the form:

                       wildcard%threshold  (sometimes shown as [w%t] in usage)

                       wildcard     =  wildcard selection for display/recover

                       threshold    =  +nn = Minimum allocation-OK percentage
                                   or  -nn = Maximum allocation-OK percentage

                                       default: *%-100 ==> all except 100% ones

 Parameters:    w           optional   wildcard selection for display

                t           optional   +nn = Minimum allocation-OK percentage
                                       -nn = Maximum allocation-OK percentage

 Output:        LSN list in fnode format (as "list -f *%1" command)

 Remarks:       Default wildcard is '*', default percentage is 0
                Minimum will list all values larger, maximum all values 'up to'
                Wildcards are real (UNIX style) wildcards using '*' and '?'
                Wildcards can appear at multiple places in the path string.

 Examples:      delshow *%100             ;All files perfectly recoverable

                delshow *.ini%50          ;All *.ini files at least halfway OK
                delshow *%-100            ;All files not fully recoverable
_______________________________________________________________________________

 DFSCHECK [part|*] = Run DOxxx analysis for one or all partitions => DFSC*.P*

 Purpose:       Run the DFSxxxx.DFS script for the specified partition(s).

                Collect information to aid in filesystem and other recovery
                situations. Output will be in DFSCxxxx.P* files

 Parameters:    part    optional   Specific partition to run the analysis for
                                   Not specified or '*' means all partitions

                FSYS    optional   Explicit filesystem name (like FAT) when
                                   one specific partition is being checked

 Remarks        This is a built-in alternative for the 'DFSCHECK' + 'DFSCPART'
                command files that are normally used for the same purpose.
                It is used from the meu-system as well, when selecting:

                        Actions -> Check partition filesystem  -> ...

                Apart from running the DFS script 'DOxxxx.dfs' this command
                will also create the logfile 'DFSCxxxx.Pnn' which will
                not be created if you simply run that script.

                Used as a startup-command for DFSee as in 'dfsdos chkpart *'
                the command will quit DFSee automatically when finished.

 Output:        Some progress info, real information in the DFSC*.P* files
_______________________________________________________________________________

 DFSDISK [disk|*] = Run DFSDISK analysis for one or all disks => dfsdiski.*

 Purpose:       Run the DFSDISK.DFS script for the specified disk(s).

                Collect information to aid in UNFDISK and other recovery
                situations.  Includes a backup of partitioning information
                and a generic overview. Output will be in DFSDISKI.* files

 Parameters:    disk    optional   Specific disk to run the analysis for
                                   Not specified or '*' means all disks

                CYL     optional   Search cylinder boundaries only (default)
                ALL     optional   Search every sector           (very slow)

                c | ?   optional   cylinder value for specific GEO to use
                                   '?' causes cyl-value to be calculated
                h       optional   heads    value for specific GEO to use
                s       optional   sectors  value for specific GEO to use

 Remarks        This is a built-in alternative for the 'DFSDISK' command
                files that are normally used for the same purpose.
                It is used from the meu-system as well, when selecting:

                        Actions -> Find (lost) partitions, fast -> ...
                        Actions -> Find partitions, all sectors -> ...

                Apart from running the DFS script 'dfsdisk.dfs' it
                will also create the logfiles 'dfsdiski.sk*' which
                will not be created if you simply run that script.

                Used as a startup-command for DFSee as in 'dfsdos unfdisk *'
                the command will quit DFSee automatically when finished.



 Output:        Some progress info, real information in the DFSDISKI.* files
_______________________________________________________________________________

 DIRFIND [l][dir] = Put [l] levels of filenames from [dir] in the sector-list

 Purpose:       Find non-deleted files in a directory and optionally it's
                subdirectories up to the number of levels specified.

 Parameters:    l           optional   number of directory levels to include
                                       in the list, or 's' for all levels

                dir         optional   directory specification, starting from
                                       the root-directory

 Options:       -l:wildcard            Automatically list the found files,
                                       limiting the output to files matching
                                       the specified wildcard string.
                                       Without a wildcard, the "-l" option
                                       will list all the found files.

 Output:        Sector list in memory to be used in following operations

 Remarks:       List can be manipulated as usual, best viewed with "list -f"
                To copy (a selection of) the found files to a different disk
                or partition, use the "recover" command.

                For HPFS filesystems, the names used will be significant in
                the first 15 characters only, the rest of the name will be
                replaced by hyphens ('-'). This is needed because the FNODE
                only stores the first 15 characters of the name.

                The list option "-l:*test*" equals a "list -f *test*" command.

 Examples:      dirfind s \os2                    ;Put \os2 tree in the list
                dirfind 1 \os2 -l:*.add           ;Show all .ADD files in \os2
                dirfind s \    -l:*.dll           ;Show all .DLL files
_______________________________________________________________________________

 DISK   [disk]    = Select a physical or virtual disk (and show the MBR)

 Purpose:       Select a physical or virtual disk

 Parameters:    disk    optional  disk nr, default is current if open or 1

 Options:       -q               Quiet, select only, no display
                -R               open the disk in Read-only  mode
                -R-              force the disk in Read-write mode
                -F               Force use of First EXT-container  (reread too)
                -g               Show disk geometry too            (reread too)
                -i               Industry std letter assignment    (reread too)
                -L[:0|1|2]       Show preferred: none (0), LVM (1), Windows (2)
                -m               Identify MBR, and show I13 limit  (reread too)
                -r               Refresh partitiontables from disk     (reread)
                                 and RESET previously forced geometry

 Output:        Disk Geometry and default display of sector 0 (usually MBR)

 Remarks:       The dfs_number variable for REXX will be set to nr-of-disks
                See also: WALK command
_______________________________________________________________________________

 EDIT [o] pos str = Update the current sector at 'pos' to the value of 'str'

 Purpose:       Make (small) modifications to sector contents

 Parameters     pos     optional   Hexadecimal offset, start of edit-area

                str     optional   A string to be placed at the specified
                                   position in the current sector.
                                   The syntax for this string is exactly the
                                   same as for the find ('f') command.
                                   So ASCII and binary specifications are
                                   possible.

                                 Note on quoting:
                                 The outermost set of quotes, which can be either
                                 single or double-quotes, will be stripped off by
                                 the parameter parsing logic before it is passed
                                 to the 'find' command.
                                 You CAN use that same quote character again in
                                 the parameter using the 'escape' character '\'

                                 Example:  "The \" is a double-quote"

 Options:       -p:pos      edit position, decimal or hexadecimal (0x...)",
                -a:'asc'    ASCII replacement value, string
                -h:'hex'    HEX replacement value, sequence of hex pairs
                -u:'uni'    UNICODE replacement value, string
                -m:'mix'    Mixed ASCII/HEX/UNICODE replacement string

                -P          Prompt, allowing editing of the specified value
                            with one of the -a, -h, -u or -m options

                -B          Batch mode, do not prompt when values given

                -w-         Do NOT write the sector back to disk directly

 Examples:      edit  1be  "'00'"
                This will set the byte at offset 0x1be to the value 0x00.
                Note the enclosing double-quotes that will preserve the
                single quotes for use by the edit command syntax, specifying
                a hexadecimal format (I recommend using the -h: option :-).

                edit  1be  -h:"00"
                This will set the byte at offset 0x1be to the value 0x00,
                without any further prompting. (quotes are mandatory!)

                edit  1be  -h:"00"  -P
                This will set the byte at offset 0x1be to the value 0x00,
                but will allow editing of the hexadecimal value(s) to use.

                edit  -p:0x30 -h:"3e 54"
                This will replace 2 bytes at position 30 and 31 hexa-decimal,
                to the values 0x3e and 0x54 respectively.

                edit  -p:27  -a:Test
                This will replace 4 bytes at position 27 decimal, to "Test"

                edit 3f  -u:test
                This will replace 8 bytes at position 3f with Unicode "test"
                without prompting

                edit
                This will prompt you for a position and a replacement string
                using the mixed format (I recommend using -h, -a or -u)

                edit -h -P
                This will prompt for a position and a value in hexadecimal ...


 Output:        Hex-dump BEFORE and AFTER for the changed sector area

 Remarks:       The edit command will prompt you to write the data back, unless
                you use the '-w- option. Then, after multiple edits perhaps,
                write-back the data explicitly using the 'write' command.

                The 'show' command can be used to view the sector before
                writing back or making more changes. It is similar to the
                'H' and 'h' command, but it does not read from the disk,
                it just displays the current sector buffer contents.

                Specifying a 'pos' parameter or the '-p' option are mutually
                exclusive. Using the '-p' option will cause the specified
                value to be used as a default in a prompt dialog.

                Specifying the  'str' parameter is mutually exclusive with
                using any of the '-a', '-h' or '-u' options.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 EXPORT     fname = Export sector list, to LSN file and optional data file

 Purpose:       Save an LSN-list in a file for modification or later use

 Parameters:    fname       Destination filename for the LSN-file

 Options:       -d:dname    Write data, using dname for the sector data
                -d          Write data, using fname for the sector data

                            Note: default extension for datafile is .bin
                                  default extension for LSN file is .lsn

 Output:        Progress information

 Remarks:       The LSN file has one LSN per line, editable with a text-editor.

                The datafile holds the contents of each sector (512 bytes)
                as indicated by the LSNs in the list, and in the same order.
                (This is the same format as required by IMPORT)
_______________________________________________________________________________

 FDISK  [Command] = Select FDISK mode, pass (optional) command to execute

 Purpose:       Make FDISK the active analysis mode and command-set

 Parameters:    command optional   Specific FDISK command (try FDISK ??)
                                   When no command is specified, the
                                   default is a 'part' command that
                                   will show all partitions on all disks.

 Options        -r-                Do NOT read the partition tables again,
                                   just display them ...

 Output:        none, or output for the specified command.

 Remarks:       When the 'batch' mode is forced using the '-b' program switch,
                and a command is specified, DFSee will do an automatic quit
                after completing the command. This is useful to execute a
                series of FDISK commands from a batch- or command-file.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 FI         [sSN] = File information on specified symbolic-SN, default 'this'

 Purpose:       Display compact one-line of infomation about the specified
                sector, when possible in the form of path+filename info.

 Parameters:    sSN   optional   Symbolic sector number (see dfsterms.txt).

 Output:        One line of information on the sectornumber, path+filename
                when available or CHS+PSN translations when not.

 Remarks:       This is the same format as used with the 'list -f' command.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 FIND        str  = Find a string using specified options and sectortypes

 Purpose:       Perform a sector search starting from the current LSN
                until a sector of the specified type and optionally
                (not) containing a specified ASCII/HEX string is found.

 Parameters:    str   optional   The string to search for (usually in quotes).
                                 A string of bytes (ascii/unicode/hex)that have
                                 to be present in the wanted sector.
                                 When the '$' string option is not given, it
                                 can be specified as a mix of ASCII, UNICODE
                                 and HEX. The starting mode is ASCII, switching
                                 to HEX and back is done with the ' character.
                                 Switching to UNICODE and back with "
                                 Leading whitespace is skipped, in HEX mode
                                 spaces can be used to improve readability.
                                 For case-insensitive UNICODE only search, use
                                 the '$/' options, specify the search-string in
                                 plain-ASCII. (see -a, -h and -u options too!)

                                 Note on quoting:
                                 The outermost set of quotes, which can be either
                                 single or double-quotes, will be stripped off by
                                 the parameter parsing logic before it is passed
                                 to the 'find' command.
                                 You CAN use that same quote character again in
                                 the parameter using the 'escape' character '\'

                                 Example:  "The \" is a double-quote"

                        Example 1: "last'0d0a'first"

                                   This will search for the word "last"
                                   followed by a carriage-return line-feed
                                   combination and the word first

                        Example 2: "'e9bd13 0d4023 49 42 4d 3a38 2e'"

                                   This will search for a byte sequence,
                                   in this case the start of COMMAND.COM

 Options:       -o:find-Opts     Search and display options, default is '+'

                   Q      = Quiet search, NO display of found sector(s)
                   M      = Multiple hits within one sector are possible
                   F      = Find directory-entries for FAT types 'D' or 'd'
                     Fd   = Find directory entries for deleted files only
                     Fe   = Find normal files by extension, not full name
                     Ff   = Entries for normal, non-deleted files only
                     FD   = Entries for non-deleted DIRECTORIES only
                   s or 1 = Single find, display sector when found
                   *      = Repeat find, building a list (find all ...)
                   %      = No sector-spanning,     => fast text-search
                   [      = Freespace only          => fast undelete
                   ]      = Allocated space only    => fast file-grep
                   !      = Just list found, faster and better log-format
                   +      = Verbose output even when repeating
                   -      = Backward search, towards lower sector numbers
                   ~      = Search on sector-1 head 0/1 only, bootsectors
                   $      = Use a case-insensitive string compare
                   /      = Assume UNICODE strings, can be combined with '$'
                   ^      = Inverted search, find sectors NOT containing ...
                   @[pos] = Compare at sector position [pos] only
                            (with type dependant defaults for [pos])


                -t:sect-Types    Types of sector wanted, default is any KNOWN.
                                 Specify multiple types in a single string

                                 For an up-to-date list, use the '???' command

                -a:'asc'    ASCII find-pattern value, string
                -h:'hex'    HEX find-pattern value, sequence of hex pairs
                -u:'uni'    UNICODE find-pattern value, string
                -m:'mix'    Mixed ASCII/HEX/UNICODE find-pattern

                -P          Prompt, allowing editing of the specified value
                            with one of the -a, -h, -u or -m options

                -n          Start searching from NEXT/PREV sector, not the
                            current one. This might be needed when searching
                            again for the same pattern, to avoid finding the
                            same one over and over again :-)


 Output:        Sector display, format selected based on sector-contents,
                or a single line with position and type info when repeating


 Remarks:       When a search 'str' is specified, the default option is "1"
                resulting in a 'single search' and display of a found sector.
                Otherwise a repeated search for the specified type(s) will be
                performed and each sector will be listed.

                Specifying the  'str' parameter is mutually exclusive with
                using any of the '-a', '-h' or '-u' options. When these
                options are specified their value is used as the default in
                a prompt dialog.

                The find command is often called by other commands to
                implement the actual search (like "delfind" and "bsfind")
_______________________________________________________________________________

 FIXHS            = Fix HiddenSectors field in bootsector to match part-table

 Purpose:       Make bootsector value for 'hidden sectors' consistent with the
                corresponding offset-value in the partition-table.

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        progress information and confirmation

 Remarks:       A consistent value is required on operating systems like OS/2
                and eComStation to allow a filesystem to be mounted correctly

                The value can become inconsistent when a partition is relocated
                from one primary location to another, or between primary and
                logical locations.

                This could happen with CLONING or restoring an imagefile.
_______________________________________________________________________________


 FS   fs-name     = Force analysis using specified filesystem knowledge

 Purpose:       Use specific FS knowledge if the default is not correct

 Parameters:    fs-name Filesystem name, like FAT, NTFS or HPFS

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       For some filesystems it is possible to force a specific
                mode of analysis using the fs-name, implemented are:

                FAT12   force a 12-bit FAT analysis
                FAT16   force a 16-bit FAT analysis
                FAT32   force a 32-bit FAT analysis
_______________________________________________________________________________

 GEO [?|c h s [f]]= Force specified geometry on opened physical disk, ?=adjust

 Purpose:       Show current or force different geometry to be used for
                interpreting and analysing the current physical disk

 Parameters:    none    Display the geometry currently in use, including
                        possible overrides by previous 'diskgeo' commands

                c h s   Overrule current geometry by the values specified
                        for cylinders, heads and sectors.

                        The value '?' can be specified for the cylinder value
                        and will cause a re-calculation for the cylinder count
                        based on heads/sectors and the size of the disk at
                        the time it was first selected.

                f       optional first-sector or 'base' value to use with this.
                        The base is the offset to LSN-0, usually the bootsector

 Options:       -bps:n  Number of bytes per sector to be used with the geometry
                        Valid values are: 512, 1024, 2048 and 4096

 Output:        The resulting geometry for the physical disk currently open

 Remarks:       You can keep the current value for one of the items by
                specifying zero (0) or nothing for the override

 Examples:      diskgeo 0 255         ;set the number of heads to 255
                diskgeo ? . 32        ;set the number of sectors to 32 and
                                      ;calculate the right number of cylinders
                                      ;for that geometry and disksize
_______________________________________________________________________________

 H|h x [size [S]] = Hex-dump   sector, SN x, size sect/bytes; force [S]ector

 Purpose:       Display current or specified sector in hex-dump format

 Parameters:    x       optional   LSN of sector to dump

                size    optional   size to dump:  1..63   specifies sectors
                                                 64..xxx  specifies bytes
                                   Default is 512 bytes for the 'H' command
                                          and 256 bytes for the 'h' command

                S       optional   Force size parameter to be sectors

 Output:        Hex-dump of the sector
                On every line 16 bytes of data will be displayed, each line
                containing:
                  - the relative offset in the record (4 hex digits)
                  - 16 bytes in hexadecimal; separator after 8 bytes
                  - the same 16 bytes represented as ASCII

 Remarks:       The ASCII representation is filtered, and non-printable
                characters are represented with a PERIOD character
_______________________________________________________________________________

 ID         [sSN] = Identify 'this' or specified sSN sector, using the SLT

 Purpose:       Display the type for a specific sector and one major reference

 Parameters:    sSN     optional   Symbolic sectornumber (see dfsterms.txt)
                                   Default is the current sector

 Options:       -l-     Do NOT overwrite original sector-list with new
                        results when a directory gets displayed

 Output:        One line specifying corresponding SLT entry, followed by
                a line specifying the type of the sector itself and a
                sector display of the 'reference' sector, in a format based
                on sector-contents

 Remarks:       This function is extremely useful to relate file-data sectors
                from fragmented files to the Fnode for a particular file.
                It will tell you exactly which file a certain sector belongs to.

                For best output, the sector-lookup-table (SLT) should be
                made available by the 'SLT' or 'CHECK' command.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 IM   img         = Open a file with a FS-image (.img) for analysis

 Purpose:       Work with a saved binary image

 Parameters:    img     mandatory  Path or filename for the image, the default
                                   extension is '.img'. When the img parameter,
                                   ends in a '\', the imagefiles will be listed

 Options        -R                 Open the image in Read-only mode

 Output:        The default display for the first sector of the image

 Remarks:       Filesystem type is derived from first (boot) sector
_______________________________________________________________________________

 IMPORT  filename = Import LSNs to the sector list and optional data to disk

 Parameters:    fname       Source filename for the LSN-file with sector numbers

 Options:       -d:dname    Read data, using dname for the sector data
                -d          Read data, using fname for the sector data

                            Note: default extension for datafile is .bin
                                  default extension for LSN file is .lsn

 Output:        Progress information


 Remarks:       The LSN file must be an ASCII file with one LSN per line.
                It can be the result of an export, derived from a log-file
                or created completely by hand.

                The verbose format resulting from a "list -v" or "list -f"
                and the "delshow" is also valid. (use "log" cmd to capture)
                This is often more convenient than bare LSN lists because
                the verbose format contains info like path/filename.

                The datafile must have at least as many sectors (512 byte)
                as there are LSNs in the LSN file, and they must be in the
                same order as those LSNs. Each sector wll be written to the
                currently opened store, at the corresponding sectornumber.
                (This is the format as used by the EXPORT command)
_______________________________________________________________________________

 LIST [opt] [str] = Display LSNs in the sector list, using options/string

 Purpose:       Display the sector-number list in a selected format

 Parameters     str     optional  wildcard-selection or command to execute

                          For the '-f' options it is a wildcard select string
                          on the complete path+filename, including threshold
                          value for 'recoverability' as with RECOVER:

                           wildcard%threshold

                           wildcard   = wildcard selection for list or recover
                           threshold  = +nn = Minimum allocation-OK percentage
                                  or    -nn = Maximum allocation-OK percentage

                                         default: *%100 ==> list all 100% ones

                          For the '-c' option, it is the command to be
                          executed for each sectornumber in the list.
                          The options are mutually exclusive, except for the
                          -f:option values that may be combined as in -f:i8.3
                          Only the 1st char of an option value is significant.


   Options:   -w          Use wide format, 8 LSNs on each line
              -v          Use verbose output, one line per LSN
              -f          Verbose PATH info when available (is default)
              -f:i        Verbose PATH, indirect using SLT information
              -f:8.3      Verbose PATH, use short 8.3 name (NTFS only)
              -d          Display sector contents, default format
              -d:hex      Sector contents, default + hex dump
              -c          One line LSN info + execute command per LSN
              -g          Show lsn -> psn -> CHS logical geometry
              -g:system   Show lsn -> psn -> CHS system  geometry
              -s          Show size-offset in MiB, type, CHS and PSN
              -b          Verbose bootsec, for BSFIND/UNFDISK analysis
              -n          No contents list, just show number of entries

              -C          FAT only, display location as CLUSTER, not sector
                          Combine with '-e' for EA or '-I' for EA-RelativeClust
              -e          FAT only, display EA-data location, not regular data
              -I          FAT only, show decimal EA-index value as location
              -X          Only display files that have EA-data attached
                          (these options work in combination with '-f' only)

              -l-         Do NOT create new lists when displaying directory
                          information. This allows displaying a list of found
                          directories, like resulting from the SUBFIND command.
                          The -l- option is FORCED when using the '-d' option.

 Output:        List of sector numbers in compact, verbose or special format
                For the formats with just a SINGLE line of output for every
                value in the list, there will be an underlined header-line
                explaining the different pieces of information in the line.
                For large lists, this will be repeated at the end.

 Remarks:       List also available for REXX in the dfs_sn. stem variable
                Lists can be imported and exported to files, see import/export

                When using the '-c' option, the '-f' option can be added to
                get an additional line of path+filename info preceding the
                actual command output.

                The '-f:i' option is only useful when the SLT information is
                collected (using the SLT or CHECK command). It will list PATH
                info for file-data. It is most useful AFTER using the '-f'
                option, since that will list PATHS for the file Fnode sectors.
                Together, all file PATHS for Fnodes and file-data are shown.

                The column format for the '-f' format is approximately:

                .Index =  Value   : T Perc Location Size     Path

                Index         Index in the sector list range 0 .. max
                Value         Hexadecimal value on that index in the list
                T             Type of the sector when known (f = file)
                Perc          Percentage recoverability, approximation
                Location      Location of associated data, sector or cluster
                Size          Size of the file, rounded UP to sector boundary
                Path          Name of the file, including PATH when known

                For FAT filesystems only, the location may contain the index in
                the extended-attribute file "EA DATA . SF" with option  '-I'
                or relative-cluster nr in   "EA DATA . SF" with options '-I -C'
                or the location of EA-data for the file as LSN, with    '-e',
                or that location as a ClusterNumber with the options:   '-e -C'
_______________________________________________________________________________

 LOCK [ign]   = Lock physical disk, to allow writing to it

 Purpose:       Lock a physical disk

 Parameters:    ign     optional   Ignore lock failure, do not prompt
                                   interactively for write permission

 Output:        none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 LOG   [file | .] = Start, stop or resume logging, (appending) to a file

 Purpose:       Close current LOG, open new and capture DFS output in it

 Parameters:    File specification, or '.' for last used logfile name
                If no parameter is specified, logging is stopped.

 Options:       -7-          Do NOT strip output to 7-bit ASCII, allow
                             use of 'graphic' box characters in the
                             logfile. Default is 7-bit ASCII only.
                -r           Close and reopen log on each line (slow)
                -r-          Open log just once (this is the default)

 Output:        Concatenated output of DFS commands given after the
                'log' command, up to next 'log' or 'q' command.
                ANSI control characters for colours and cursor-positioning
                are not written to the logfile.


 Remarks:       After logging has been stoped using a 'log' command, it
                can be resumed to the same file using 'log .'

                There is no check on available space on the destination
                drive, file may end up empty if disk(ette) is full.
                The same logfile specification can be used more than once,
                output will be concatenated.
                On each 'log' command the current logfile will be closed.

                Special characters such as the 'box' characters with the 8th
                bit set, will be translated to 7-bit ASCII unless the '-7-'
                option is given AND the global switch '-7' is not used.

                Reopening the log on each line can be usefull if you have
                problems with a crashing program or computer, causing the
                logfile to be only partially written to disk.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 MAP [disknr opt] = Display pseudo-graphical map of partitions on a disk

 Purpose:       Give an easy to interpret visual image of the disk layout

 Parameters:    disknr  optional   number of disk to display, default is all
                                   '.' is current disk only

                opt     optional   options, '+' is more verbose, '-' is less

 Options:       -?   or   ?      Show usage information for MAP command
                -d               Display for current disk only
                -d:disknr        Display for specified disknr only
                -F               Force use of First EXT-container  (implies -r)
                -g               Show disk geometry too            (implies -r)
                -i               Industry std letter assignment    (implies -r)
                -L[:0|1|2]       Show preferred: none (0), LVM (1), Windows (2)
                -m               Identify MBR, and show I13 limit  (implies -g)
                -r               Refresh partition-tables from disk    (reread)

 Output:        Some lines of drawing-characters and text representing the
                disk with its partitions. The partitions are sized according
                to their real size. Freespace is also shown the same way.
                The color of the areas indicate the filesystem-type.
                Each area contains the most relevant textual info as well.

 Example output:

Ú<dev/hda>ÄÄÄÄÄ<disk  1>ÄÄÄÄ<Maxtor 114.5 GiB>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ ºÉÍÍ»ÉÍÍÍÍ»ÉÍÍÍ»ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍº         ³³
³ ºº  ºº    ºº   ºÚÄÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄ¿ÚÄÄÄÄ¿º         ³³
³mºº1 ºº2   ºº3  º³4   ³³5  ³³6  ³³7   ³³8   ³³9  ³³10  ³³11 ³³12  ³º13       ³³
³bºº  ºº    ººP: º³L:  ³³M: ³³K: ³³D:  ³³N:  ³³E: ³³H:  ³³V: ³³    ³º         ³³
³rººBMººNTFSººHPFº³HPFS³³HPF³³HPF³³HPFS³³HPFS³³FAT³³HPFS³³JFS³³NTFS³ºFreeSpace³³
³ ºº  ºº    ºº   ºÀÄÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÙÀÄÄÄÄÙº         ³³
³ ºÈÍÍ¼ÈÍÍÍÍ¼ÈÍÍÍ¼ÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍº         ³³
ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

 Remarks:       Loosely modelled after the PartitionMagic display

_______________________________________________________________________________

 MEM  lsn   [pos] = Store sectornumber LSN in the sector-list at [pos]

 Purpose:       Add an LSN to the LSN memory list for later use

 Parameters:    lsn     optional   LSN to add to the list, special values are:
                                   X, U, D, T for Xtra, Up, Down and This

                pos     optional   list index to store this sectornumber

                size    optional   number of list entries to fill with lsn


 Options:       -c[:n]  Clear or truncate the list to [n] lsn entries

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       The LSN memory can be listed using "list" [-f]
_______________________________________________________________________________

 MODE [c,r] [-w-] = Set columns and rows for display, -w- is non-windowed

 Purpose:       Change display size, and switch between windowed - classic

 Parameters:    c       optional   Number of columns (screen width) 10 .. 102

                r       optional   Number of rows    (screen length) 1 .. 102

 Options        -w      Use windowed mode (this is the default)
                -w-     Use non-windowed, classic mode

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       The column and row may be specified as "col,row" as well

                The maximum column and row values might be limited more than
                specified here, depending on Operating System capabilities.
                Most often rows * columns must be 8192 or less.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 MOVE -b|-e | -f  = Move towards Begin or End, or move/copy to Freespace area

 Purpose:       Move partition towards begin/end of the disk within freespace
                or Move/Copy the partition to another selected freespace area

 Usage:   MOVE  -b[:offset] | -e[:offset [-f:fsp-id [-c [-l:x]]] [-a | -A-]-]

 Parameters:    none

 Options:

    -P           : Prompt for offset value to be used, in Mib or Cylinders
    -b           : Move to exact begin of freespace area BEFORE partition
    -b:mcs-nr    : Move towards begin freespace, offset from current pos.
    -e           : Move to exact end of freespace area AFTER the partition
    -e:*         : Move to exact end of freespace area specified with  -f
    -e -f:[id]   : Move to exact begin of freespace area selected with -f
    -e:mcs-nr    : Move towards end fsp, offset from current (or start -f)
    -f:fsp-id    : Move/Copy to fsp-area on same/other disk  (implies  -e)
    -c           : Copy, not Move, do NOT delete original.   (requires -f)
    -l:letter    : Set preferred driveletter for new volume  (requires -c)
    -a           : Align resulting partition start to a cylinder boundary
    -A-          : Do NOT align KiB and MiB values to track/cyl multiples
    -C-          : Do NOT copy the contents of the partition, just Ptable

  The mcs-number format is [0x]nnnn[,g|m|k|c|t|s] a HEX or decimal value,
  in GiB, MiB, KIb, Cylinders, Tracks or Sectors. Default is decimal MiB.

 Output:        Calculated begin- and end-position of the CURRENT partition
                before and after the MOVE (old and new position).

                Then, after a final confirmation has been presented, the
                progress information for the involved DELETE, CLONE and CR
                commands will be shown.

  Examples:     move -b:100          ;Move partition 100 MiB towards begin disk
                move -b              ;Move partition all the way to begin fsp
                move -e              ;Move partition all the way to end of fsp
                move -f:3            ;Move partition to begin of fsp-area 3
                move -e:0    -a      ;Move towards end, forcing Cyl. alignment
                move -e:10,k -a-     ;Move 10 KiB towards the end, NO alignment
                move -f:2 -e:1,c     ;Move to fsp-area 2, 1 cylinder from start
                move -f:5 -c         ;Copy to fsp-area 5, keeping original too.
                move -f:7 -c -l:y    ;Copy to fsp 7, use LVM-letter Q: on copy.

 Remarks:       Moving a partition within a freespace area (-b or -e) allows
                the current and new location of the partition to overlap.
                This means it is OK to move a partition over a short distance
                like a single cylinder to make room for something else.

                In all cases you will have to let the operating-system that
                wants to USE the moved/copied partition rediscover them.
                The safest way to do that is a BOOT of that operating system.
                When moving or copying a partition that is SEEN by the OS that
                is running DFSee, AVOID accessing the partition after the MOVE!

                Most MOVE operations are implemented using the commands:

                       CLONE         ;copy partition data to new location
                       DELETE        ;delete partition from part-tables
                       CR            ;recreate partition in new location

                There will only be a very short period between the DELETE
                an the CR recreate, so data-loss is unlikely.

                However, a MOVE to begin-freespace (-b) with OVERLAP uses:

                       DELETE        ;delete partition from part-tables
                       CLONE         ;copy partition data to new location
                       CR            ;recreate partition in new location

                This implies that there is NO partition definition in the
                partition-tables while the data-copying is taking place!
                Aborting the long running 'CLONE' with the <Esc> key, or
                a power-failure will therefore result in the partition
                being DELETED, and its data most likely lost.
                You will get an additional CONFIRMATION to warn you
                about this when appropriate.

                LVM information on MOVE operations is FULLY preserved and
                adjusted to the new physical location. Also any COPY of a
                single-partition LVM-volume (move -c) will have complete
                and unique LVM-information, with names and IDs derived from
                the old ones and made unique using the new freespace-ID.

                WARNING:
                MOVE/COPY on a multi-partition LVM-volume is NOT SUPPORTED!
                Doing this will result in an inaccessible volume that will
                only be recoverable using LVM and DFSee if you know exactly
                what you are doing! After a MOVE, the partitions are intact
                but marked as 'available'. For recovery see below. After a
                COPY, the volumes/partitions will be cross-linked, which is
                quite hard to recover from. The MOVE/COPY menu-items in the
                Actions menu will be disabled when such a partition is selected.
                This limitation may be removed in future versions of DFSee ...

                  If you HAVE MOVED one or more partitions from such a volume
                  the recovery for it would be roughly:
                  1)  Recreate the volume using LVM.EXE and "from existing"
                      Make sure you use the partitions in the original order.
                  2)  In DFSee, select the FIRST partition (erased bootsector)
                      and issue a "fs jfs" plus a "fixboot" command.
                  3)  From the OS2 commandline, issue a "CHKDSK  x:  /f"
                      where x: is the driveletter of the JFS volume.

                Displayed driveletters after a COPY (move -c) for an LVM system
                might be incorrect for the new partition since the bootsectors
                are exactly the same. This will clear up if you change the LABEL
                of that partition (using the operating systems 'label' command).

                The alignment options -a and -A- should not be needed in
                normal cases, where the partitions are aligned already.
                They are required only if you want to:
                - move over a non-aligned distance in KiB/MiB         (-A-)
                - move a non-aligned partition to an aligned position (-a )
_______________________________________________________________________________

 PART  [pid|d:|.] = Show partitions,  or select one using pid or drive-letter

 Purpose:       Select a disk partition for analysis or show a list of them

 Parameters:    pid     optional  Absolute partition-ID (PID) for the partition
                                  to select, as shown by a 'part' overview
                pid,r   optional  Relative partition-ID, for specified or current
                                  disk, "1,r" is the first partition on that disk
                                  Note: ',r' is to be taken LITTERAL! To specify
                                  a specific disk use an aditional '-d:nr' option.
                d:      optional  Drive-letter for a partition (part C:)
                .       optional  Use autoselect (current/previous/just created)

 Options:       -?   or   ?      Show usage information for PART command
                -a               Show allocation map for each or selected part
                -c               Perform a filesystem-check on each partition
                -C[:'str']       Compact space or 'str' separated partition list
                -d               Display or select for current disk only
                -d:disknr        Display or select for specified disknr only
                -e               To add info on extended partitions to table
                -F               Force use of First EXT-container
                -f-              Do NOT display any freespace lines
                -g               Show disk geometry too            (implies -r)
                -i               Industry std letter assignment    (implies -r)
                -L[:0|1|2]       Show preferred: none (0), LVM (1), Windows (2)
                -m               Identify MBR, and show I13 limit  (implies -g)
                -n               To get a table with all numerical information
                -p-              Do NOT display the actual partition lines
                -q               Quiet, display minimal partition details
                -R               Select the partition in Read-only mode
                -r               Re-read partition-tables from disk   (refresh)
                -s               To get a (comma) separated list of partitions
                -s[:'str']       Verbose comma or 'str' separated partition list
                -S               Use double-Spaced lines with -s or -C formats
                -t   or  -t-     Display partition table, or do NOT display it
                -v               To get a multi-line verbose list (incl LVM)
                -V               Verbose, including some partition contents
                -w   or  -w-     Include ALL warnings or do NOT display any
                -w:selection     Filter warnings using one-letter selection
                -w:0xMMMMMMMM    Filter warnings using Hex mask (see below)


 Output:        Either the list of partitions in the specified format, or
                the verbose partition display for the selected partition.

 Remarks:       The returncode (rc) will be zero for a valid partition id or
                the number of partitions otherwise (useful in REXX scripts).

                To select a relative partition on a specified disk, use the
                'pid,r' syntax combined with a '-d:disk-nr' option, example:

                    part  3,r  -d:2         ;select 3rd partition on disk 2

                The 'Vol' column might show discrepancies between the actual
                driveletter as currently seen/used by the operating system,
                and some other administration like LVM-info or the Windows
                DosDevice mapping. This indicated by the ':' being replaced
                by the lowercase PREFERRED driveletter. Some examples:

                   >C:      ;active C:, actual same as preferred LVM/Windows
                    D:      ;D: drive,  actual same as preferred LVM/Windows
                    Eh      ;E: drive as actual, H: as preferred LVM/Windows
                    -e      ;NO drive as actual, E: as preferred LVM/Windows
                    E-      ;bootsector same as actual E:, but NO LVM letter
                             or a preferred windows driveletter

                   'Eh' as shown by DFSee would show as "H->E:" by LVM.EXE

                The -L option controls what 'preferred' driveletters are used

                -L:0 (or -L-)  Means NO preferred driveletters (actuals only)
                -L:1           Means to check LVM-preferred driveletters
                -L:2           Means to check Windows DosDevice letters
                               (-L:2 only available in DFSWIN.EXE)

                For DFSWIN.EXE, the default is "-L:2" otherwise it is "-L:1"

                The maximum number of partitions handled by DFSee is 80, on
                a maximum of 24 different physical disks.

                Some useful filter values to be used with the "-w:" option are:

                a  or  0x0000ec00   Show cylinder alignment warnings
                b  or  0x00070000   Show IBM BootManager related warnings
                c  or  0x000000f0   Show CHS related warnings only
                f  or  0x00000008   Show not-formatted warnings only
                i  or  0x00000006   Show INT13 limit related warnings only
                m  or  0x0000003f   Show all minor warnings
                M  or  0xffffffc0   Show all Major warnings
                s  or  0x03f00000   Show size overlap related warnings
                x  or  0x04000000   Show extended-container type 0x0f warnings
                *  or  0xffffffff   Show ALL warnings

                Hex values can be combined (added) for more complex selections

                An LVM type volume with multiple partitions (disk spanning, JFS)
                will be selected correctly, every partition belonging to the
                set will be searched until the one with a valid bootsector
                has been found. (only THAT partition will be usable from DFSee)

                An example of the list output in table form (default) is:

DFSee-OS2 version : 6.10 executing: part -r -m
Number of disks   : 2

 P-Geo Disk 1 Cyl : 14946 H:255 S:63  Size : 0E4FF780 =   114.5 GiB
 L-Geo Disk 1 Cyl : 14946 H:255 S:63  Size : 0E4FBFE2 =   114.5 GiB
 BIOS Int13 limit : 1023 cylinders    Size : 8032.5 MiB
 MBR crc 054b4eb9 : 0c8ca699 = DFSee 5.xx/6.xx English messages, I13X

 P-Geo Disk 2 Cyl : 14946 H:255 S:63  Size : 0E4FF780 =   114.5 GiB
 L-Geo Disk 2 Cyl : 14946 H:255 S:63  Size : 0E4FBFE2 =   114.5 GiB
 BIOS Int13 limit : 1023 cylinders    Size : 8032.5 MiB
 MBR crc 054b4eb9 : 0c8ca699 = DFSee 5.xx/6.xx English messages, I13X

 EBR04=   warning : A Windows-specific extended-partition type 0x0f is used.
                    Some operating systems might not see the logical partitions
 Pid04=   WARNING : Bootsector HiddenSectors field does NOT match offset
                    in partition-table! Open the partition to FIX this.
 Pid13=3m WARNING : Not formatted or LVM/JFS multiple partition
ÚÄÄÄÂÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÂÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
³ID ³Dr³Type, description³ux³Format ³Related ³VolumeLabel³LVM Volume, Par³Size MiB³
ÃÄÄÄÅÄÄ<disk  1>ÄÄÄ</dev/hda>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ<Maxtor 114.5 Gi>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³01>³  ³Prim 0a Boot-Mgr ³ 1³BMGR   ³LVM     ³I13X-aware ³, [ BOOT MANAGE³     7.8³
³02*³  ³Prim 07 Inst-FSys³ 4³NTFS   ³Win NT  ³Windows-XP ³WinXP, Resized ³  7044.1³
³03*³C:³Hide 16 FAT16    ³ 2³FAT16  ³FreeDOS ³FREEDOS_C95³FreeDOS, FreeBo³   203.9³
³04*³  ³Log  06 FAT16    ³ 5³FAT    ³IBMDOS  ³DOS5       ³Real DOS, Syste³   776.5³
³05*³D:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³ 6³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³ECS_10     ³eCS10, Sys - 11³  1113.8³
³06*³N:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³ 7³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³ECS11      ³eCS11, New - 11³  1113.8³
³07 ³E:³Log  06 FAT16    ³ 8³FAT    ³IBM 4.50³DEVELOP    ³Develop, FAT - ³  2023.7³
³08 ³H:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³ 9³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³OS2DATA    ³Data, OS2-big  ³ 12346.8³
³09 ³V:³Log  35 Warp-LVM ³10³JFS    ³IBM 4.50³Virtuals   ³VPC, Virtual sp³ 23462.0³
³10 ³I:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³11³NTFS   ³Win NT  ³XP-data    ³XPdata, XP-data³ 34569.5³
³11 ³  ³Log  0c FAT32-Ext³12³FAT32  ³MSDOS5.0³NO NAME    ³FAT32-data, FS-³  5561.5³
³12 ³  ³Log  82 Solar/SWP³13³SWAP   ³Linux   ³           ³Swapspace, Linu³   258.8³
³13 ³  ³FreeSpace Logical³  ³-- -- -³-- -- --³- - - - - -³               ³   203.9³
³13 ³3m³Log  35 Warp-LVM ³14³none   ³unknown ³           ³multi-recreated³   117.6³
³14 ³  ³FreeSpace Logical³  ³-- -- -³-- -- --³- - - - - -³               ³   784.4³
³14*³  ³Log  83 LinuxNatv³15³Reiser2³GRUB    ³           ³SuseLinux, Pro-³  3333.7³
³15 ³  ³Log  83 LinuxNatv³16³EXT2   ³Linux   ³           ³LinuxData, /sha³  2227.7³
³16 ³L:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³17³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³LINUX-SRC  ³LinuxSource, De³  4447.6³
³17 ³  ³Log  06 FAT16    ³18³FAT    ³MSDOS5.0³DOS        ³               ³   643.1³
³18 ³X:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³19³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³HPFS1098FMT³HPFS resize tes³  1098.1³
³25 ³  ³FreeSpace Logical³  ³-- -- -³-- -- --³- - - - - -³               ³ 15900.2³
ÃÄÄÄÅÄÄ<disk  2>ÄÄÄ</dev/hdb>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÅÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ<114.5 GiB backu>ÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ´
³19 ³  ³Prim 0a Boot-Mgr ³ 1³BMGR   ³LVM     ³I13X-aware ³I13X-aware, Boo³     7.8³
³20 ³  ³Hide 17 Inst-FSys³ 2³NTFS   ³Win NT  ³Windows-XP ³Backup-XP, 1203³  7044.1³
³21 ³N:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³ 5³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³ECS11      ³Backup-eCS11, 1³  1113.8³
³22 ³K:³Log  07 Inst-FSys³ 6³HPFS   ³IBM 4.50³CSOURCES   ³C-src, FileBack³  2047.3³
³23 ³m2³Log  35 Warp-LVM ³ 7³none   ³unknown ³           ³multi-recreated³   227.4³
³24 ³  ³FreeSpace Logical³  ³-- -- -³-- -- --³- - - - - -³               ³  2894.5³
³24 ³M:³Log  35 Warp-LVM ³ 8³JFS    ³IBM 4.50³MULTI-JFS  ³multi-recreated³   337.2³
³26 ³  ³FreeSpace Pri/Log³  ³-- -- -³-- -- --³- - - - - -³               ³103567.4³
ÀÄÄÄÁÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÁÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ

 Number of disks   = The number of disks reported by the system
 Ph-Geo disk n ... = Physical geometry for disk 'n' (using extended-INT13, BIOS)
 LogGeo disk n ... = Geometry for the same disk 'n', as reported by the OS
 BIOS Int13 limit  = Size of the disk that can be used with regular int13 (BIOS)
 MBR code ........ = Identifying checksum plus description for the MBR-code
  Id nn=d: WARNING = Any informal, strange or alarming conditions on partition

 Where:   ID                = The selection-id used by DFSee for this partition
                              Postfix: '>' for active partition, first disk
                                       '}' active partition, not first disk
                                       '!' active partition, bad bootsector
                                       '*' for partitions bootable by Bootmgr
                                       '-' bootable by Bootmgr, bad bootsector
          Dr                = Actual drive letter, capital including a colon, or
                              lowercase/dashes if hidden/multi-part or PREFERRED
                              Postfix: ':' normal letter   (actual is preferred)
                                        n  number, part 'n' of a multi-part LVM
                                        x  driveletter, lowercase is preferred
                                           by LVM or Windows (see -L option)
          Type, description = Type-info and hex value of the type, type-info:
                              Prim = Primary (active, accessible)
                              Hide = Hidden  (primary or special)
                              Log  = Logical volume in an extended partition
                              Lhid = Logical volume, currently hidden
          ux                = The device-number as used by Unix/Linux with /dev/.d.
          Format            = The filesystem format string as found in the
                              bootrecord for the partition or special values:
                              "none" if not formatted at all (no AA55 signature)
                              "unknown" if signature present but unrecognized
          Creator           = The OEM identification string from the bootrec
                              of "unknown" if no valid bootrecord is found
                              For IBM BMGR it can be either FDISK or LVM
          VolumeLabel       = The volumelabel as found in the bootrecord, or
                              the BootManager version indicator for IBM BMGR:
                              "I13X-aware"  means BMGR supprts boot > cyl 1023
                              "MaxCyl:1023" means BMGR can NOT boot > cyl 1023
          BM-Name           = The name for this partition as registered in
                              the OS/2 BootManager data area
          LVM Volume, Part  = The full LVM volume and partition names
                              (replaces BM-name when LVM info present on disk)
          Size MiB          = The gross size of the partition in Mibibytes

 In the table, just above the actual partitions, the Linux-device-name, disk number
 and descriptive (LVM or DFSee created) name for the disk will be shown.

                An example of a list fragment for verbose form (HPFS) is:

DFS partition  Id : 08  disk nr : 1  = FixedDisk Diskgeo = Cyl:14946 H:255 S:63
 P-table for this : 017FE09E = EBR:5, entry:0 Previous P-table: EBR:4, entry:1
 System Indicator : 07       = Inst-FSys      Linux-devicename: /dev/hda9
 FileSyst. format : HPFS
 Partition   type : Logical    Visible        Bootrec-OEM-name: IBM 4.50
 Partition Label  : OS2DATA
 Boot capability  : Not bootable by BIOS and MBR-code or OS/2 boot-manager
 Bootsec checksum : B8FE2D50
 Bootsect. offset : 0000003F =      63 Dec      Cylinder size : 3ec1 = 7.84 MiB
 P-table   in EBR : -000003f = i13: 00 81 1e =  Cyl: 1566 H:  0 S: 1 = 017fe09e
 1st  part sector : 00000000 = i13: 01 81 1e =  Cyl: 1566 H:  1 S: 1 = 017fe0dd
 Last part sector : 0181d666 = i13: fe 3f 43 =  Cyl: 3139 H:254 S:63 = 0301b743
 Partition   size : 0181D667 = 12346.8 MiB   =   1573.996 cylinders
 Cluster     size : 00000001 =     0.5 KiB       in 1 sector(s)  of 512 bytes
 LVM Ph disk name : Maxtor 114.5 GiB        Drive letter: H
 LVM partition    : OS2-big                 Volume name : Data
 OS reported free : H: Free   5714.2 MiB of   12346.8 MiB, on filesystem: HPFS
 Pid08=H: minor-W : Starts after cyl 1023, problem for older-BIOSs/DOS (Int13)
Bootsec. checksum : B8FE2D50

 --------------------------- end of PART command -----------------------------
_______________________________________________________________________________


 PSN  xx      = Analyse & display sector using PSN xx

 Purpose:       Display sector using Physical Sector Number addressing

 Parameters:    xx = 1 to 8 hexadecimal chars

 Output:        Sector display, format selected based on sector-contents

 Remarks:       The SN is specified in hexadecimal format, however the first
                digit needs to be decimal to avoid misinterpretation.
                Prefixing the SN with '0' will avoid any conflicts.

                Output that scrolls off the screen can be repeated using
                the 't' command. (display 'this' sector)
_______________________________________________________________________________

 PT   [pid|drive] = Display partition-table for current or specified pid/drive

 Purpose:       Quickly show the partitionn table of a partition, and possibly
                navigate to related LVM information and the bootsector

 Parameters:    pid         optional   partition id to show table for
                drive       optional   driveletter for the partition

 Output:        Display of the partition table entries in the sector (max 4)

 Remarks:       In the Mode=FDISK, the 'pid' parameter is NOT optional

                When a partition-table is displayed, it is quite easy to
                navigate to some related information using single-letter
                commands 'd', 'x' and 'u'. The corresponding PSN values
                are displayed in the status line of DFSee.

                An overview of this navigation is shown below:

                ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿       ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿       ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿
                ³Partition-table³ÄÄÄxÄÄ>³LVM-information³ÄÄÄuÄÄ>³LVM-signature³
             ÚÄÄ³sector for pid ³<ÄÄxÄÄÄ³sector (DLAT)  ³<ÄÄxÄÄÄ³sector       ³
             ³  ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ       ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ       ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
             d            ^    ³                     ³
             ³            ³    u                     d
             ³  ÚÄÄÄÄÄ    x    ³  ÚÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ¿  ³
             ÀÄ>³Next     ³    ÀÄ>³Boot-sector for³<ÄÙ
                ³Ptable   ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄ³the partition  ³
                ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄ           ÀÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÄÙ
_______________________________________________________________________________

 PTE [pid|xx [e]] = Show & edit partition-table at sector [xx] or part [pid]

 Purpose:       Interactive smart editing of partition tables (PTEDIT)

 Parameters:    pid         optional   partition id to edit table for

                xx          optional   sectornumber with partition table

                e           optional   entrynumber 1..4 to get 1st focus

 Options:       -f          Force adding 0x55AA signature if not present
                -s   or -s- Smart field updating on or off, default is on
                -d:disknr   disk to edit partition-tables on, default current
                -p:part     partition to edit table for, number or letter
                -i:img      image filename containing the partition-table
                            (should be a disk-image to be useful :-)

 Output:        Single line per partition-table sector updated (or not).
                All other output is in the interactive edit dialog window.

 Examples:      pte  -part:5               ;PTEDit on table for partition 05
                pte  -p:H                  ;PTEDit on table for drive H:
                pte  -d:2                  ;PTEdit on disk 2, MBR table

                Or, directly from the Operating System commandline:

                DFSDOS pte -p:5            ;PTEDit on table for partition 05
                DFSOS2 pte -part:H         ;PTEDit on table for drive H:
                DFSOS2 pte -disk:2         ;PTEdit on disk 2, MBR table


 Remarks:       Can only be used in WINDOWED mode (default, or set with -w)

                Activated with default values by using the <F6> function key

                There is extensive help-information for each separate field
                in the edit-dialog, as always activated with the <F1> key.
                A second <F1> while in that help, will show the generic help
                for the PTEdit dialog as a whole.

                Changes to a partition table are written back after an extra
                confirmation dialog after pressing any of the following keys:

                <ENTER>  Write back changes, end PTEDIT interactive session
                <PgDn>   Write back changes, continue on NEXT partition-table
                <PgUp>   Write back changes, continue on PREV partition-table
                <Esc>    Cancel any changes, end PTEDIT interactive session

                With 'smart field update' active, it is very easy to keep
                all fields in a partition-table entry consistent.
                Updating the linear sector values (LBA) will also update
                the CHS fields and vice versa.

                The PTEdit dialog is extrememly useful for interactive
                update of the 'active' flag, the system type and the
                size (and ending CHS) for a partition as well as updating
                the starting sector (and CHS) for primary partition.
                To change the starting sector (and CHS) for a logical
                partition, it is better to use the DELETE and CREATE commands
                because it requires relocation of the partition-table and not
                just updating its values.

                While the dialog is up, commands that are started using a
                function key can still be executed. (F4 .. F9 are useful)
                The output in the "text output window" can still be scrolled
                using <Ctrl> + arrow keys or <Ctrl> + PgDn/PgUp.

_______________________________________________________________________________

 q                = Quit DFSee OS2: 5.55 06-11-2003 (c) 1994-2003; Jan van Wijk

 Purpose:       Exit DFS program

 Remarks:       Opened physical disk and logfile will be closed on exit
                Asynchronous running threads will be aborted.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 QUERY [item] [n] = Query specified item value for disk/partition/freesp [n]

 Purpose:       Extract exactly one numeric value from the table with disk
                and partition info. Display it and return in exit-code (RC)

 Parameters:    item    optional   specifier for the information-item to query.
                                   '?' or -? will give usage information.
                                   2 or 3 chars (uppercased) are significant

                                   When no item is specified, a compact table
                                   with partition info is shown ('part -C -m')

                n       optional   Partition-id or disk-number for this query

 Usage: QUERY info-specifier [disk, partition or freespace-nr; or 0 for highest]

  Note: All values are ROUNDED DOWN to fit a 16-bit integer value!

  Without parameters, a compact partition list is shown (like 'part -C -m')

  PArts  = # partitions    FRee   = free exists    DIsks  = # disks present
  PValid = P# valid = 0    FValid = F# valid = 0   DValid = Disk-nr valid = 0
  PLet   = Drive-letter    FLog   = log possible   DLog   = # logical partitions
  PPrim  = is a primary    FPrim  = pri possible   DPrim  = # primary partitions
  PType  = part type       FType  = freesp type    DTotal = # partitions on disk
  PCyls  = # cylinders     FCyls  = # cylinders    DCyls  = # cylinders  on disk
  PHeads = # heads         FHeads = # heads        DHeads = # heads
  PSects = # sectors       FSects = # sectors      DSects = # sectors/track
  PKiB   = P-size in KiB   FKiB   = freesp in KiB  DKiB   = Cylinder size in KiB
  PMiB   = P-size in MiB   FMiB   = freesp in MiB  DMiB   = Disk size in MiB
  PGiB   = P-size in GiB   FGiB   = freesp in GiB  DGiB   = Disk size in GiB
  PDisk  = Disk-number     FDisk  = Disk-number    DFree  = # freespace areas
  PFirst = First cyl.      FFirst = First cyl.     DFMiB  = freespace disk in MiB
  PEnd   = Last  cyl.      FEnd   = Last  cyl.     DFGiB  = freespace disk in GiB
  PBsect = sect/cluster    FId    = freesp id      DBmgr  = IBM BootMgr present
  POk    = Status 0=clean, 1=unknown 2=dirty       Lvm    = LVM info present = 1

  MKiB     Minimum   GKiB   Grabable size   UKiB         XKiB
  MMiB   = size of   GMiB = to free-up on   UMiB = Used  XMiB = Maximum freespace
  MGiB     filesys   GGiB   resizing        UGiB   size  XGiB   (optimize/defrag)

  Cyls   = # of cylinders, current geometry     Version = DFSee major version nr
  Heads  = # of heads,     current geometry     VMinor  = DFSee minor version nr
  Sects  = # of sectors,   current geometry     RValid  = Registration valid = 0

 Output:        Two lines with the command, the resulting value in HEX and
                decimal, and the used partition/freespace and/or disk-number.
                The DFS return-code (exit RC) is set to the queried value.

                For QUERY with a numeric or no parameter at all, the output
                will be that of "part -C -m" followed by the query parameters.

 Remarks:       When given as the first (or only) command on DFSee invocation,
                and with any parameter, this command will automatically QUIT
                on completion, making batch-file syntax more readable.

                This command is VERY useful in batch/command files to base
                program-flow on certain disk/partition characteristics

                Example: BATCH-file to test if a partition is a primary one:

                         dfsdos query Primary 2
                         if errorlevel 1 goto PRIMARY
                         :LOGICAL
                         echo Partition-2 is a logical partition
                         goto end
                         :PRIMARY
                         echo Partition-2 is a primary partition
                         :END

                The 'compact' list is intended for email/newsgroup postings
                Some examples of usefull partition queries are:

                query                           ;compact list all partitions
                query -v                        ;verbose list all partitions
                query -m- -d:2                  ;just disk 2
                query -C- -m-                   ;the standard 'framed' table
                query -t- -m- -w                ;list warnings only
                query 3                         ;show partition 3
                query -disk:2 1,r               ;show 1st partition on disk 2

_______________________________________________________________________________

 RECOVER path sel = Recover files from sector-list to a path, using selection

 Purpose:       Undelete multiple files using (a selection from) a list

 Parameters:    path        optional   Path to save the file copy, default is
                                       last path used, initial value is "."
                                       which is the current working directory

                sel         optional   File selection parameters, in the form:

                       wildcard%threshold  (sometimes shown as [w%t] in usage)

                       wildcard     =  wildcard selection for display/recover

                       threshold    =  +nn = Minimum allocation-OK percentage
                                   or  -nn = Maximum allocation-OK percentage

                                       default: *%100 ==> only recover 100% ones

 Options:       -8.3        Force 8.3 names on output
                -u          Force unique names using hex prefix
                -E:i        Ignore errors, continue execution when RC is not 0
                -E:q        Quit on any errors, exit  (default when in batch mode)
                -E:c        Confirm with user on errors (default when interactive)
                -O:q        Quiet mode, just report on errors
                -O:v        Verbose mode, include progress indicator 'dots'
                -O:m        Maximum verbose mode, include 'skipping' messages

 Output:        All files are recovered one by one using the "saveto"
                command automatically on each selected LSN from the list.

                Note: Operations using the sector-list on FAT/FAT32 like SAVETO
                      are limitted to 64 GiB partitions by design!

                Progress is reported with output like the "ca" command,
                depending on the specified output-verbosity (-O:)
                Error messages will be given as appropriate.

                The default error strategy (-E:) is 'quit' for batch-mode
                and 'confirm' otherwise, unless overruled by the global
                switch -E: on DFSee startup


 Remarks:       See "saveto" and "delshow" command
                LSN list is the find-result list as shown with "delshow"
                It can be edited using "export" or "log" + "delshow" and
                imported again using "import", to make specific selections

                If a path for the deleted file can be resolved, it will
                be included in the saved copy whenever possible.
                If the directories do not exist they will be created.
                This means a whole directory-tree can be undeleted in
                one operation, while retaining the structure.

                For HPFS filesystems, the names used will be significant in
                the first 15 characters only, the rest of the name will be
                replaced by hyphens ('-'). This is needed because the FNODE
                only stores the first 15 characters of the name.

                When the destination does NOT support long filenames (FAT)
                all names will be converted to an 8.3 compatible format.

                If a combined filename+path would exceed the allowed length
                for the destination directory (and operating system) the
                path and filename will be truncated or abbreviated to get
                it within limits. Allthough this will NOT guarantee that
                the whole recovered directory tree has consistent naming
                it DOES guarantee unique filenames and paths.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 RESIZE [options] = Resize FS to new size, including partition-table update
 TRUNC
                Usage: RESIZE    size | -size:new | -s | -free:size | -f | -m

 Purpose:       Make a filesystem in a partition on a disk smaller, usually
                to allow creation of another partition.
                Typical use: create freespace to install a new Operating System

 WARNING:       Resizing a filesystem is one of the most dangerous operations,
                with many reasons why it might not work correctly.
                Do NOT resize a filesystem unless you have a tested BACKUP of
                the data, or the data is easily replaced by other means.

 Parameters     size    optional   Specifies remaining filesystem/partition size
                                   Without a specified size, the user will
                                   be prompted for the desired new size.

 Options        -s:new      New remaining size as mcs-number
                -s          Split partition in half
                -f:size     Size to free-up as mcs-number
                -f          Free-up half the available size
                -m          Maximum size, resize FS to partition size
                -F          Force resize even if smaller than indicated
                            minimum size. Can be useful if allocation
                            information is not correct.
                -c:[0|1|2]  CHS style: 1=PQmagic, 2=MS, default 0=IBM/DFSee
                            To override the global style being used.


 Output:        Progress, calculated new sizes and partition end position,
                plus a confirmation message when not working in batch mode.
                Finally a success or failure message.

 Examples:      resize -f:1000       ;Create a freespace of 1000 MiB
                resize -f:1,c        ;Create a freespace of 1 cylinder (BMGR)
                resize -s:5000       ;Keep 5000 MiB in the current partition,
                                     ;making the rest available as freespace
                resize -max          ;Make FS equal to the partition size,
                                     ;can be useful to expand HPFS filesystems
                                     ;after making the partition itself larger

 Remarks:       The resulting freespace will always be AFTER the remaining
                partition, the start of that partition will stay in the same
                location on the disk.

                The mcs-number format is [0x]nnnn[,g|m|k|c|t|s] a HEX or
                decimal value, in GiB, MiB, KIb, Cylinders, Tracks or Sectors.
                Default is decimal MiB.

                The RESIZE command is implemented as a generic command, but
                requires a filesystem dependent part to be implemented.
                Currently that is only available for FAT, FAT32, HPFS and NTFS

                Following a RESIZE operation, a 'CHKDSK /f' should be performed
                on the filesystem, from an operating system that supports it.
                In most cases, that CHKDSK will be performed automatically.

                For FAT(32) the implementation is quite safe because only the
                partition bootsector and the partition-table entry are modified.
                Interruption (like power failure) might result in a truncated
                filesystem in a large (unmodified) partition, but never in a
                corrupted or otherwise damaged filesystem.

                The new size for a FAT partition can be any size larger than
                indicated by the 'alloc' command, and smaller than the current
                size. It will be rounded to cylinder boundaries automatically.

                When the desired new size is not possible because the last used
                cluster is located too close to the end, you might want to run
                a DEFRAGMENT on it with another utility, or the built-in tools
                found in several Windows Operating Systems. The smallest size
                possible at any time is shown at the end of the 'alloc' display.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 RUN [script] [p] = Run a DFSee script, with optional parameters and options

 Purpose:       Execute a NATIVE (or REXX) DFSee script with multiple commands

 Parameters:    script  optional   The name of the script-file. If no extension
                                   is given a '.DFS' extension will be appended.
                                   When there are any spaces in the name, it
                                   should be enclosed in quotes!

                p       optional   Arguments to be passed as parameters.
                                   Up to 9 arguments can be specified and can be
                                   used anywhere in the script as '$1' to '$9'
                                   while $0 is the scriptname (without extension)
                                   Arguments can be enclosed in single or double-
                                   quotes to allow spaces or special characters

 Options:       -P          Prompt for the scriptname and/or parameters.
                            This will present dialogs where the script to run
                            and any arguments to use can be specified.

                            When parameters are specified with the -P option,
                            the first one (script) MUST be one of:

                            - A wildcard (with * or ?) to select a script from
                              the current directory.

                            - A relative or absolute path to find the script in


                -v          verbose, show details about running the script
                -p-         no prompting or command-echo by the command handler
                -p:1        echo command by handler, but no prompting afterwards
                -p:2        no echo by handler, but prompting afterwards
                -p:3        echo before, and prompt after executing (default)
                -E:i        ignore errors, continue execution when RC is not 0
                -E:q        quit on any errors, exit  (default when in batch mode)
                -E:c        confirm by user on errors (default when interactive)
                -s          single-step, confirm each line before executing it
                -q          quit DFSee after executing the script

 Examples:      run              ;Present filedialog for scripts in current dir
                run  hello       ;Run a script called hello.dfs in current dir
                run  -P do*      ;Present dialog for 'do*.dfs' in current dir
                run  -P a:\      ;Present dialog for scripts on the A:\ drive


 Output:        SCRIPT progress when running in verbose mode, confirmation
                dialogs on errors, and regular output from executed commands

 Remarks:       Whenever a filedialog is presented to select a script, there
                will be an additional prompt-box to specify any arguments to
                be passed to the selected script.

                All lines in the script that do NOT start with a ';' in the
                first column, are sent to the command-handler inside DFSee
                to be executed as a command. These commands can be multiple
                commands as usual (using '#' separators) and can also contain
                additional comment at the end of the command using ';' as a
                start-comment symbol.

                When using the -E:confirm or E:quit types of error handling,
                every return-code from a command that is not 0 will cause
                either the confirmation dialog, or terminate the script.

                The return-code (RC) for the whole script will be that of the
                last command that is executed in the script itself.

                Native scripts can RUN other scripts (nesting) but are limited
                to about 10 levels of nesting.

 OS2 REXX:      In the OS2 version of DFSee scripts can also be written using
                the REXX language and the builtin DFSee REXX support.
                For a description see the DFSCRIPT.TXT documentation file.
                For an example REXX-script see DFSINFO.CMD

_______________________________________________________________________________

 EXPAND [options] = EXPAND FS to a new LARGER  size, incl. part-table update
 TRUNC
                Usage: EXPAND    size | -size:new | -s

 Purpose:       Make a filesystem in a partition on a disk larger, usually
                to use some freespace that is available after it on the disk.

 Parameters     size    optional   Specifies new filesystem/partition size
                                   Without a specified size, the user will
                                   be prompted for the desired new size.

 Options        -s:new      New expanded size as mcs-number
                -s          Expand to maximum possible size
                -F          Force resize even if larger than indicated
                            maximum size. Can be useful if allocation
                            information is not correct.

 Output:        Progress, calculated new sizes and partition end position,
                plus a confirmation message when not working in batch mode.
                Finally a success or failure message.

 Examples:      expand 1500        ;Expand to new size of 1500 MiB
                expand -s:5000     ;Expand to 5000 MiB
                expand -s          ;Expand to maximum size, using ALL freespace
                expand             ;Prompt for new size, then expand ...

 Remarks:       The mcs-number format is [0x]nnnn[,m|c|s] with a HEX or decimal
                value, in MiB, Cylinders or Sectors. Default decimal MiB.

                The EXPAND command is implemented as a generic command, but
                requires a filesystem dependent part to be implemented.
                Currently that is only available for FAT, FAT32, HPFS and NTFS

                FAT(32) partitions can not be expanded by DFSee normally, the
                exception is when the partition has been resized to a smaller
                size with DFSee before. This restriction might be lifted in
                a future version of DFSee.

                An easy rollback (UNDO) can be achieved by saving all partition
                information first (using PSAVE) before the actual EXPAND.
                After a PRESTORE, the EXPAND will be rolled-back and the
                partition is back to its original size.

                The EXPAND command is implemented as a combination of a
                DELETE, CREATE and RESIZE command with the options as
                required by the expand operation.

_______________________________________________________________________________

 S2CL lsn         = Translate hex LSN to cluster-nr, display cluster-nr

 Purpose:       Display hexadecimal cluster-nr specified hex sector (LSN)

 Parameters:    lsn     optional   Hexadecimal sector number  0 .. max-sector

 Output:        Sectornumber (LSN) and corresponding cluster-nr

 Remarks:       none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 SAVETO  [dir][l] = Save filedata for current file to a new file in [dir]

 Purpose:       Recover a file based on its directory entry and FAT/FNODE/MFT,
                by a sector-by-sector copy of its data to a new file.

 Parameters:    dir         optional   Path to save the file copy, default a:\

                l           optional   LSN (dir+entry) of the file to recover


 Options:       -8.3        Force 8.3 names on output
                -u          Force unique names using hex prefix
                -O:q        Quiet mode, just report on errors
                -O:v        Verbose mode, include progress indicator 'dots'
                -O:m        Maximum verbose mode, include 'skipping' messages


 Output:        Progress is reported with one RED or GREEN dot for each sector
                a '¯' character for each allocation-extent and somtimes a 'ä'
                for even higher-level allocation sets. (HPFS alloc sectors)


 Remarks:       Only the file contents is recovered, date&time and attributes
                are lost.
                If no directory is specified it will default to the last one
                used for saveto. This directory should be on ANOTHER drive!

                When the destination does NOT support long filenames (FAT)
                all names will be converted to an 8.3 compatible format.

                Note: Operations using the sector-list on FAT/FAT32 like SAVETO
                      are limitted to 64 GiB partitions by design!

_______________________________________________________________________________

 SCL   clsize     = Force clustersize to specified value (decimal, sectors)

 Purpose:       Force a specific number of sectors per cluster

 Parameters:    clsize  mandatory  Number of sectors per cluster (decimal)

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       Should be automatically correct, special purpose usage only
_______________________________________________________________________________

 SHOW  [s]    = Hex-dump current sector (or half-sector), s sectors/bytes

 Purpose:       Display current (last read, edited) sector in hex-dump format

 Parameters:    s       optional   size to dump:  1..63   specifies sectors
                                                 64..xxx  specifies bytes
                                   Default is 512 bytes for the 'SHOW' command
                                          and 256 bytes for the 'show' command

 Output:        Hex-dump of the sector, see the 'h' and 'H' commands

 Remarks:       The main difference with 'h' and 'H' are that the current
                contents of the sector-buffer (possibly changed by an 'edit')
                are shown. 'h' and 'H' will first read a sector from disk.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 SCAN [wr [NoId]] = Scan bad-sectors; use read/Write verify; No automatic id

 Purpose:       Identify bad sectors on a physical disk or logical volume

 Parameters:    write   optional   'w' to use read/write/verify/write sequence

                NoId    optional   'n' to disable automatic SLT lookup

                Note:   Both parameters are deprecated and will be removed in
                        future releases of DFSee (replaced by real options)

 Options        -b:sectors         Number of sectors to buffer, the default
                                   is 18 for diskettes, and 63 for harddisks
                                   The maximum is automatically limited to
                                   the available buffer memory.
                -b   or  -b:1      Precise mode, 1 sector at a time, this is
                                   up to 20 times slower than optimal, but
                                   reports bad sectors exactly per sector.
                                   Recommended only AFTER a normal scan has
                                   found bad sectors.

                -w                 Use the read/write/verify/write sequence,
                                   just as with the 'w' parameter


 Output:        Progress indication based on sector-numbers, and one line for
                each bad-sector found, plus an SLT display of a related sector
                like the fnode, if automatic SLT display is enabled.

 Remarks:       For REXX, the dfs_sn.0 stem variable will hold the number of
                bad-sectors found and dfs_sn.1 through dfs_sn.n the actual
                bad sector numbers (can be shown with the 'list' command)

                Without the write option, only a single 'read' will be done
                for each sector, this can be executed on a running system
                with open files on the disk/volume to be checked.

                With the write option a "read/write-inverse/read/write-normal"
                sequence is done for each sector with content checking.
                The contents of each sector will stay the same, so the function
                can be safely executed on formatted disks with live data.
                This sequence takes at least 4 times more time to complete
                and also, for safety, the disk will be locked. This means that
                the write option can only be used when the complete physical
                disk is not being used.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 SET var [value]         = Set/show a DFSee system variable value

 Purpose:       Set a DFSee system variable to a specific value and/or
                show the actual value of a variable

 Parameters:    var  [value]     Name and optional value for a variable

                     - SEParator Separator character for multiple-commands

                     - PEDantic  mode ON or OFF, extra warnings & details

                     - SCREEN    Screen output, default ON
                                   on        Screen output on
                                   off       Off, output to LOG or REXX only
                                   invert    Inverted colors   (toggle value)
                                   bright    Bright foreground (toggle value)

                     - ANSI      Ansi color and cursor-movement, default ON
                                   on        ANSI support ON
                                   off       Off, black & white output

                     - TYPE      Type-ahead, default for DOS: Off, others: ON
                                   on        Type-ahead enabled
                                   off       Type-ahead disabled

                     - PRIO      Process priority (non-DOS OS only)
                                   m = Min       lowest priority
                                   l = Low       lower priority
                                   s = Std       standard priority
                                   h = High      higher priority
                                   x = maX       highest priority
                                   q = Query     just show current setting


 Remarks:       Setting the lowest priority (Min) might cause DFSee to stop
                processing (CPU-starvation) if there are other high priority
                tasks running in the system.

_______________________________________________________________________________

 SIM img  [f] [s] = Save current object to imagefile(s); -zip, -Smart, -Media

 Purpose:       Save specified sectors as a binary image for use with 'IM'

 Parameters:    img     Filename for the image, default extension is '.img'

                        When prefixed with [lpt.exe], the data is actually
                        written to named pipe \pipe\xxx.img to LPT.EXE which
                        will be started in a separate session automatically
                        This allows saving the image on a different PC that
                        is attached using a parallel (laplink) cable.

                f       First sector-number to be saved, hexadecimal or:
                        . or 'this'         = current sector 'this'
                        .NNN                = value from sectorlist
                        default: 0

                s       Size to save, in sectors, hexadecimal or:
                        . or 'this'         = up to current sector 'this'
                        $ or 'all' or 'end' = up to end of current volume/disk
                        .NNN                = up to value from sector list
                        default: $            default saves whole area

 Options:       -z or -zip    Enable LZW compression on the image-file, this
                              implies non-raw format using DFSee info headers

                -R or -Raw    Raw format, no headers even when compressing
                -R-           Non-Raw format, add DFSee info headers

                -F:n          First sector number to be saved, default 0

                -s:n          Size in sectors to be saved, default store-size

                -S or -Smart  Set unused sectors to ZERO in the image, greatly
                              reducing the size of compressed images for areas
                              with a lot of unallocated space.

                -O:q or -O-   Minimal progress reporting (no dots),
                              just start and end signal with
                              throughput and # of sectors done.

                -m[:size]     Maximum size of file(s), using multiple files.
                              The default for -m will be 2GiB, and the size
                              is unlimited when not specified at all.
                              (but maybe limited by media or FS limits :-)

                -M or - Media Prompt the user to change the removable Medium
                              for the next (size limited) file to be created

                -b:sectors    Number of sectors to buffer. The default
                              is 18 for diskettes, and 63 for harddisks
                              The maximum is automatically limited to
                              the available buffer memory.
                -b  or  -b:1  Precise mode, 1 sector at a time, this is
                              up to 20 times slower than optimal, but will
                              result in the minimum number of bad sectors
                              ending up as 'garbage' in the resulting image

                -E:i          Ignore errors, continue saving on read errors
                -E:q          Quit on any read errors, exit  (batch  default)
                -E:c          Confirm with user on read errors (normal default)

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       You MUST select the disk/partition to write TO (destination)
                BEFORE using the 'WRIM' command itself (or the menu item).
                On the 'WRIM' command itself, or with the menu-item, you
                will select the imagefile to be restored FROM (source).
                You CAN NOT restore an image to freespace, partitions are
                not created automatically, you MUST do that manually.

   marks:       When '.' is specified for s, sector 'f' up to 'this' is saved
                When '.' is specified for f, the start-sector is 'this'
                When '.' is specified for both, only the 'this' sector is saved

                The 'f' parameter is mutually exclusive with the -F option
                and the 's' parameter with the -s option.

                The default error strategy (-E:) is 'quit' for batch-mode
                and 'confirm' otherwise, unless overruled by the global
                switch -E: on DFSee startup

                When using compression, the number of sectors (-b:xx) used for
                buffering MUST be the same in the SIM and WRIM commands and it
                should be less than or equal to the number of sectors per track,
                or the WRIM wil fail!

                When using the '-Smart' option, it is advised to use a buffer
                size not much larger than the tracksize (typically 63 sectors)
                to increase the chance on the buffer being completely unused
                so it can be skipped on the imaging action.

                For Windows-NT with NTFS and OS/2 versions with a kernel 4.50 or
                newer with JFS, the files CAN exceed 2GiB (large file support).
                This means you could write an image from a 9GiB partition to
                a large JFS partition for example.

                When imaging accros a network connection, the limits vary and
                may go undetected depending on the network protocols used.
                As an example, saving an image to a SAMBA share connected to
                a Reiser-filesystem on Linux results in a 4 GiB limit, but
                there will be NO warning when exceeding it.
                To avoid problems you can use the '-m' option to limit the
                size of (multiple) generated files to just below 2GiB.

                Note that unreadable sectors on the source will result in
                sectors with a 0xFE byte-pattern in the image.
                This is easy to recognize as invalid.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 SLT [t i s m]   = Show SLT for 'type', at index i, size s, error-mask m

 Purpose:       Display (selection of) the Sector Lookup Table

 Parameters:    t       optional   Sector-types to include in the displayed
                                   list. Default is all types ('*')
                                   Types are same as specified for 'find' cmd

                i       optional   Start index in the SLT to display,
                                   '+' and '-' show next/previous screenfull
                                   'a' will show entire SLT

                s       optional   Number of entries to display, default will
                                   result in one screenfull; '*' = rest of SLT

                m       optional   Error filtering mask, * = all errors
                                   4-digit Hexadecimal value, each set bit
                                   will include a specific error value.
                                   When prefixed with a '+' sign, the output
                                   will be verbose (error-text & path+filename)

 Options:       -r                 Refresh SLT even when one already exists

 Output:        One line for each entry in the SLT, containing:
                        LSN        Start LSN for a range of sectors
                        size       Number of sectors in the range
                        ref        Other sector referring to this range (fnode)
                        type       Type of the sectors in the range
                        error      4-digit Hexadecimal error value, some are
                                   generic, some are specific to a filesystem.
                                   The filesystem specific ones are also listed
                                   with the 'CHECK' command in each DFS[fs].txt,
                                   DFSHPFS.txt for HPFS for example.

                  0x00000001  Linked to some structure, but not in allocation-map
                  0x00000002  Allocated in allocation-map, but no known link

 Remarks:       Sector ranges might overlap, the smallest matching range will
                hold the best identification for a specific sector.
                The start-index will default to the position of the sector
                last searched using the 'i' cmd.
                If needed the SLT will be built in a background thread.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 SORT   [-d] [-u] = Sort sector list; [-d] = descending [-u] = no duplicates

 Purpose:       Sort the list ascending/descending [, remove duplicates]

 Parameters:    -d      optional   Sort descending, default is ascending

                -u      optional   Make list unique by removing all duplicates

 Output:        none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 STORE    [store] = Select store to be the current store; or display stores

 Purpose:       Display all stores with attached contents for open stores,
                or make the specified store-nr the default one

 Parameters:    store   optional   Number of the store to be made CURRENT
                                   Values 1 or 2 for the user stores
                                   Special value 'sys' for the system store

 Options        -R                 Set the selected store to Read-only mode
                -R-                Set the selected store to ReadWrite mode

 Output:        A list with all stores and their associated contents, or a
                single line indicating the just-selected default store.

 Remarks:       At the moment the use of another store than the CURRENT is only
                used by a few of the DFSee commands like CLONE and COMP.

                A store can be representing:
                - A physical disk, usually in FDISK mode        (cmd DISK/WALK)
                - A partition on a disk, with a mode like HPFS       (cmd PART)
                - A volume opened directly, with a FS mode like HPFS (cmd VOL )
                - An image file opened for analysis                  (cmd IM  )
                - A DFSee virtual-disk or partition on such a disk   (cmd VIRT)

                DFSee currently uses 3 stores:

                0: The system store, used by DFSee internally
                1: User store number 1 (the CURRENT at startup)
                2: User store number 2 (alternate at startup)
_______________________________________________________________________________

 t  [sector-type] = Display 'this' sector as Hex or specified sector-type
 Purpose:       Display current sector in any specified or default format

 Parameters:    type    optional   Specifies display format as:
                                      a = ASCII
                                      h = HEX
                                    any = any valid sector type (use ??? cmd)
                                   none = default (based on sector-contents)

 Output:        Sector display in requested format

 Remarks:
_______________________________________________________________________________

 TRACE [lvl|fn]  = Set trace level and destinations or DFSee functional trace


 Purpose:       Set and check TRACE level, format and destinations

 Parameters:    lvl          optional   level/dest.  0 = no trace
                                                     1 = trace to title-bar
                                                 other = detail level

                fn           optional   Trace filename with fixed lvl = 100
                                        May include a path specification.

 Options:       -r           Close and reopen log on each line (slow)
                -r-          Open log just once (this is the default)
                -s           Trace to the scoll-buffer (screen) too
                -s-          Switch off trace to screen
                -t           Add timestamps and force thread-id display
                -t-          Switch off timestamp and thread-id

                             Filename with optional path for tracefile.
                             This is the same file used as normal LOG.
                             If logfile specified, level is set to 100

 Output:        The resulting trace-level and selected destinations

 Remarks:       The file used by TRACE and LOG are the same file, so
                regular DFSee output will be mixed with the functional
                trace of the code generating that output.

                The (left) <Alt>+/ key cycles levels 0 -> 1 -> 100 -> 0

                TRACE is only available in the trace versions, these will be
                the default delivered executables starting with version 5.11

                TRACE is intended for very complex situations and for
                analysis of DFSee problems (debugging).

                Trace can also be started directly at startup by using the
                '-123[t][s][r][n]' switch, or the equivalent DFSEETRACE
                environment variable with value '123[t][s][r][n]'

                Example: 'SET DFSEETRACE=101tr' this will start a trace to
                logfile DFS-101.log, with timestamps and close/reopen on
                each line and the trace level set to 101.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 TRANS [-type] xx = Translate and display value 'xx' as Lsn, I13, Chs and Psn

 Purpose:       Translate value xx from [-type] to 4 possible representations

 Parameters:    xx      optional   input value(s) to translate, default as LSN
                                   The default is the 'this' value (as lsn)

 Options:       -l = lsn, logical sector as a hexadecimal number (default)
                -i = int, 3 hex-byte CHS, as in part-table and INT13 interface
                -c = chs, 3 decimal values; cyl, head, sector
                -p = psn, physical sector as a hexadecimal number

 Output:        One line with all 4 possible representations of the value 'xx'

 Remarks:       The option, if any, specifies the format of the 'xx' parameter

                This function is useful to calculate values for partition-
                table entries or CHS values.
                The same functionality is used in the 'list +g' command
                against each sectornumber in the list.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 TXDIR fn [o] [a] = List files for wildcard-spec 'fn' using several options

 Purpose:       Show a directory-like list of files, using specified optiions

 Parameters:    fn      optional   Path and filename specification, wildcard
                                   The default is the current directory.

                o       optional   Selection of object to show: SFDP
                                   S=subdirs, F=Files, D=Dirs, P=Parent ..

                a       optional   Selection by file-attributes
                                   +A  archive-bit  -A NO archive bit
                                   +R  read-only    -R NOT read-only
                                   +S  system-bit   -S NO system bit
                                   +H  hidden       -H NOT hidden

 Options:       -b                 Display file base-name only, no path etc.

 Output:        One line for every matching file or directory, either with
                date, time, size, attributes and the full path+filename for
                the file, or just the basename when '-b' is specified.

 Remarks:       The 'o' and 'a' parameter may NOT contain any spaces, example:
                'DP'       = show directories only, including the parent
                '+A-R-S-H' = non-system/hidden/readonly files, archived bit set

                This command can be usefull as a builtin DIR/ATTRIB command.
                Results are identical to the (TxWin) File-Open dialogs ...
_______________________________________________________________________________

 u  [sector-type] = Display 'up' sector as Hex or specified sector-type

 Purpose:       Display current sector in any specified or default format

 Parameters:    type    optional   Specifies display format as:
                                      a = ASCII
                                      h = HEX
                                    any = any valid sector type (use ??? cmd)
                                   none = default (based on sector-contents)

 Output:        Sector display in requested format

 Remarks:
_______________________________________________________________________________

 UNLOCK       = Unlock physical disk, after writing to it

 Purpose:       Unlock a physical disk

 Parameters:    none

 Output:        none
_______________________________________________________________________________

 VOL [drv]    = Show all volumes, or select one using drive-letter

 Purpose:       Work with logical volumes including floppies and CD-Rom

 Parameters:    drv     optional   Drive-letter for the volume to open

 Options        -f-                Exclude floppy-drives A: and B:
                -l-                Exclude LAN drives (on OS/2)
                -c-                Exclude CDROM type drives
                -R                 Select the volume in Read-only mode

 Output:        Either the list of volumes or the default display for the
                first sector of the volume (usually a bootsector).

 Remarks:       Network or other "virtual" filesystems are not supported
                for 'open' like 'vol X:', but they might be listed depending
                on the used selection options. The OS/2 version will include
                the network sharename for LAN drives as well.

                For Windows-NT and OS/2 versions with a kernel 4.50 or
                newer, the volume CAN exceed 2GiB (large file support).

                When using the menu-system the <F7> key or the menu-selection
                to show the list of volumes will also cause the submenu
                with available volumes to be refreshed (Open volume ..)
                This might be usefull after inserting/removing a removable
                medium like a diskette or CDROM while DFSee is active.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 WALK   [disk-nr] = Select physical or virtual disk and show partition tables

 Purpose:       Select a physical or virtual disk, list MBR/EBR sectors

 Parameters:    dsknr   optional   disk nr, default is current if open or 1

 Options:       -r                 reset previously forced geometry
                -R                 open the disk in Read-only mode

 Output:        Disk Geometry and default display of every partition-table
                sector (MBR/EBR). This will 'walk' the chain of EBR sectors.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 WIPE [pat] [f s] = Wipe disk/vol/part area with pattern at LSN [f], size [s]

 Purpose:       This will wipe an entire volume or disk, or a specified part
                of it, using the specified pattern.

 Parameters:    pat     The pattern to use for wiping, it can be any length
                        from a single byte up to 256 bytes.
                        default when no parameters given: All zeroes

                        To use a pattern of zeroes, use a special value:

                        wipe z             ;wipe whole object with ZERO
                        wipe z 0 10        ;wipe first 10 sectors, ZERO

                        To use a RANDOM pattern, repeated for every sector

                        wipe r             ;wipe whole object with RANDOM
                        wipe r 0 10        ;wipe first 10 sectors, RANDOM

                        A more complex pattern can be specified as a mix of
                        ASCII, UNICODE and HEX. The starting mode is ASCII,
                        switching to HEX and back is done with the ' character,
                        to UNICODE and back with the " character.

                        Note on quoting:
                        The outermost set of quotes, which can be either
                        single or double-quotes, will be stripped off by
                        the parameter parsing logic before it is passed
                        to the 'wipe' command.
                        You CAN use that same quote character again in
                        the parameter using the 'escape' character '\'

                        Example:  "The \" is a double-quote"

                f       First sector-number to be wiped, hexadecimal or:
                        . or 'this'         = current sector 'this'
                        .NNN                = value from sectorlist
                        default: 0

                s       Size to wipe, in sectors, hexadecimal or:
                        . or 'this'         = up to current sector 'this'
                        $ or 'all' or 'end  = up to end of current volume/disk
                        .NNN                = up to value from sector list
                        default: $

 Options:       -f          Wipe ONLY freespace with a filesystem,
                            meaning all sectors/clusters that are
                            NOT marked as being used for a file or
                            are otherwise 'in use'.

                -a:'asc'    ASCII wipe-pattern value, string
                -h:'hex'    HEX wipe-pattern value, sequence of hex pairs
                -u:'uni'    UNICODE wipe-pattern value, string
                -m:'mix'    Mixed ASCII/HEX/UNICODE wipe-pattern

                -P          Prompt, allowing editing of the specified value
                            with one of the -a, -h, -u or -m options

                -F:n        First sector number to be wiped, default 0

                -s:n        Size in sectors to be wiped, default store-size

                -t          Test only, no real wipe will be performed

                -O:q or -O- Minimal progress reporting (no dots),
                            just start and end signal with
                            throughput and # of sectors done.


 Output:        Progress indicator with one dot for each wiped area
                resulting in about one screen full of dotted lines
                for the full partition or disk being wiped.

 Remarks:       A disk, partition or volume needs to be opened first.
                You can easily call DFS (or DFSDOS) from the commandline
                specifying a 'wipe' for the entire volume or disk.

                Specifying the  'pat' parameter is mutually exclusive with
                using any of the '-a', '-h' or '-u' options.
                The 'f' parameter is mutually exclusive with the -F option
                and the 's' parameter with the -s option.


 Example:       wipe "'00'" 0 1
      or:       wipe z 0 1
      or:       wipe -size:1
                Will set sector 0 to zeroes, clearing boot-code and, when
                the current object is a complete disk, the partition-table

                wipe z . 2
                Wipe 2 sectors with zeroes, starting from the current sector

                wipe z 0 .
                Wipe all sectors from 0 up to the current sector with zeroes

                wipe -m:"test'0d0a'line2" -Prompt -size:0x100
                Wipe 0x100 sectors starting at sector 0 with the mixed string
                specified, but allow editing of that string first

                wipe
                wipe entire vol/disk/partition with default pattern of zeroes

                dfsdos part d#wipe#q
                From the DOS commandline, select partition D: and wipe
                it completely using the default pattern

                dfsdos disk 1#wipe "'ff'"#q
      or:       dfsdos disk 1#wipe -h:"ff"#q
                From the DOS commandline, select physical disk 1 and wipe
                it completely using hexadecimal pattern 0xff

                dfs disk 2#wipe "DFS was here" 0 1#q
      or:       dfs disk 2#wipe -a:"DFS was here" -s:1#q
                From the OS/2 commandline, select physical disk 2 and wipe
                the master-boot record with the string "DFS was here"
_______________________________________________________________________________

 WIPELST [sel][p] = Wipe [sel]ected sectors in list with [p]attern

 Purpose:       Wipe sectors in the (delete) list with a pattern
                This makes deleted files INVISIBLE for future undelete commands

 Parameters:    sel         optional   File selection parameters, in the form:

                       wildcard%threshold  (sometimes shown as [w%t] in usage)

                       wildcard     =  wildcard selection for display/recover

                       threshold    =  +nn = Minimum allocation-OK percentage
                                   or  -nn = Maximum allocation-OK percentage

                                       default: *%-100 ==> all except 100% ones

                p           optional   The pattern to use for wiping, it can
                                       be any length up to 256 bytes
                                       default: All zeroes

 Options:       -a:'asc'    ASCII wipe-pattern value, string
                -h:'hex'    HEX wipe-pattern value, sequence of hex pairs
                -u:'uni'    UNICODE wipe-pattern value, string
                -m:'mix'    Mixed ASCII/HEX/UNICODE wipe-pattern

 Output:        Progress is reported with one line per file (file-info list),
                or a single dot per sector when selection overruled with '!'

 Remarks:       '!' as first parameter will overrule the normal file-display
                and validation, and wipe EACH SECTOR in the list.
                Wiping file-list sectors (from delfind), is intended to clean
                the disk from obsolete file-info (Fnodes), making 'delfind'
                return less deleted files the next time.
                The files wiped CAN NEVER BE UNDELETED ANYMORE!
                See also "wipe" and "delshow" command

                Wiping sectors from the list using '!' can also be usefull
                for rewriting bad-sectors that have been found using the
                SCAN command. In some cases this makes them readble again.

                Specifying the 'p' parameter is mutually exclusive with
                using any of the '-a', '-h' or '-u' options. When these
                options are specified their value is used as default in
                a prompt dialog.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 WRIM img   [f s] = Write FS-image to disk-sectors start at LSN [f], size [s]

 Purpose:       Write sectors back from an image to opened partition or volume

 Parameters:    img     Filename for the image, default extension is '.img'

                        When the 'img' parameter ends in a '\' for a directory,
                        or there is no parameter at all, a list of available
                        imagefiles is displayed, plus a usage text.

                        When prefixed with [lpt.exe], the data is actually
                        read from named pipe \pipe\xxx.img from LPT.EXE which
                        will be started in a separate session automatically
                        This allows retrieving the image from a different PC
                        that is attached using a parallel (laplink) cable.

                f       First sector-number to be written, hexadecimal or:
                        . or 'this'         = current sector 'this'
                        .NNN                = value from sectorlist
                        default: 0

                s       Size to write, in sectors, hexadecimal or:
                        . or 'this'         = up to current sector 'this'
                        $ or 'all' or 'end  = up to end of current volume/disk
                        .NNN                = up to value from sector list
                        default: $

                t       Test only, no actual writing to the current object

 Options:       -F:n        First sector number to be wiped, default 0

                -s:n        Size in sectors to be wiped, default store-size


                -O:q  or -O-       Minimal progress reporting (no dots),
                                   just start and end signal with
                                   throughput and # of sectors done.

                -b:sectors         Number of sectors to buffer, the default
                                   of 18 is optimal for diskettes and works
                                   quite well for harddisks as well :-)
                                   The maximum is automatically limited to
                                   the available buffer memory.

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       You MUST select the disk/partition to write TO (destination)
                BEFORE using the 'WRIM' command itself (or the menu item).
                On the 'WRIM' command itself, or with the menu-item, you
                will select the imagefile to be restored FROM (source).
                You CAN NOT restore an image to freespace, partitions are
                not created automatically, you MUST do that manually.

                Compressed image-files created by SIM will be recognized
                and automatically decompressed on the fly.
                Note: When using compression, the number of sectors used for
                      buffering MUST be the same as used with the SIM command,
                      and must be less than or equal to the number of sectors
                      per track or the WRIM wil fail!

                Smart imaging is automatically supported as well, files using
                this (-Smart option on SIM) will cause the unused sectors to
                be skipped on the writing, saving a lot of time.

                For Windows-NT with NTFS and OS/2 versions with a kernel 4.50 or
                newer with JFS, the files CAN exceed 2GiB (large file support).

                If the image consists of multiple files (.002/.003 etc) these
                will all be automatically written, when a file is not found
                (removable media) the user will be prompted to insert the next
                medium conatining that file ...
_______________________________________________________________________________

 WRITE [ . | sn ] = Write sector back to current or specified sector number

 Purpose:       Update a sector on the disk, possible after editing it

 Parameters:    sn      optional   sector-number specification (LSN)
                                   '.' or 'this' is the current sector

 Options:       -a:sn   sectornumber to write the data to, if no value is
                        specified, you will be pronpted for one

 Output:        none

 Remarks:       Only one sector (512 bytes) will be written.
                Writing back changed data to the disk can cause BIG TROUBLE
                when you don't know EXACTLY what you are doing.
                Use it with extreme care (and maintain backups if possible :-)

                The WRITE command is executed automatically by the EDIT
                command, unless you use the '-w-' option on EDIT.
_______________________________________________________________________________

 x  [sector-type] = Display 'xtra' sector as Hex or specified sector-type

 Purpose:       Display current sector in any specified or default format

 Parameters:    type    optional   Specifies display format as:
                                      a = ASCII
                                      h = HEX
                                    any = any valid sector type (use ??? cmd)
                                   none = default (based on sector-contents)

 Output:        Sector display in requested format

 Remarks:
_______________________________________________________________________________

 ZEROFREE  [part] = Wipe freespace in a filesystem to all zeroes (wipe -f)

 Purpose:       Wipe all freespace inside the filesystem to ZERO

 Parameters:    part    optional   partition, number or letter

 Options:       -p:part            Partition, number or letter
                -v:vol             Volume, driveletter
                -i:img             Image filename

                -test              No wipe, just show 'what if' ...
                -O:v               Verbose, extra progress info
                -O:q  or -O-       Minimal progress reporting (no dots),
                                   just start and end signal with
                                   throughput and # of sectors done.

 Remarks:       Only one of -p, -v or -i can be specified at one time
                Use 'wipe -f' directly for more options

                Wiping FREESPACE is NOT recoverable, the data or
                garbage that is there will be permanently lost.
                This will make later UNDELETE or other data-recovery
                impossible. When in doubt make a backup first

                The filesystem should be CLEAN, so run a chkdsk before
                using this. Also, it is NOT SAFE to wipe freespace in
                a filesystem that is in use meaning there are open files
                (your system/boot partition for example)
                Try to run the wipe while booted from another disk or diskette

                Freespace wipe can be useful to improve security. Unused
                space will not contain sensible information anymore

                Using the default pattern of all ZEROES will optimize the
                filesystem for compression environments, for example when
                used within VirtualPC as a compressed filesystem.

 Example:       zerofree  -part:03        ;wipe freespace in part 3 to zero
_______________________________________________________________________________


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